^/32^ HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY GIFT OF Kirtley F. Mather ms. m?. zeoL MAR 1 1953 University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History Volume 6, pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables August 10, 1952 MAMMALS OF UTAH Taxonomy and Distribution BY STEPHEN D. DURRANT University of Kansas Lawrence 1952 University of Kajjsas Publications, Museum of Natural History Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson Volume 6, pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables August 10, 1952 University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas MAR 1 19531 Gft-Dv PRINTED BY FERD VOILAN'D. JR.. STATE PRINTER TOPEKA. KANSAS 1952 23-4980 MAMMALS OF UTAH (3) WAR 1 1953 CONTENTS PAGE List of Illustrations 6 Introduction 9 Acknowledgments 12 Aims 13 Treatment 13 Topography and Climate 16 Check-list of Mammals of Utah 21 Accounts of Species and Subspecies 30 Order Insectivora 30 Order Chiroptera 38 Family Vespertilionidae 40 Family Molossidae 63 Order Lagomorpha 66 Family Ochotonidae 67 Family Leporidae 74 Order Rodentia 91 Family Sciuridae 92 Family Geomyidae 156 Family Heteromyidae 232 Family Castoridae 284 Family Cricetidae 292 Family Muridae 381 Family Zapodidae 385 Family Erethizontidae 389 Order Camivora 392 Family Canidae 393 Family Ursidae 406 Family Procyonidae 415 Family Mustelidae 416 Family Felidae 438 Order Artiodactyla 452 Family Cervidae 453 Family Antilocapridae 462 Family Bovidae 464 Type Localities 469 Hypothetical List 475 Addenda 479 Faimal Areas 480 Physiography and Speciation 490 Literature Cited 519 Index 530 (5) 6 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. ILLUSTRATIONS Distribution Maps Figure page 1. Sorex vagrans monticola 32 2. Sorex obscurus obscunis 34 3. Sorex palustris navigator 36 4. Myotis lucifugus 40 5. Myotis evotis evotis 44 6. Myotis volans interior 45 7. Myotis calif ornicus stephensi 46 8. Myotis subulatus melanorhinus 49 9. Lasionycteris noctivagans 50 10. Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus 52 11. Eptesicus fuscus pallidus 54 12. Lasiurus borealis teliotis 55 13. Lasiurus cinereus cinereus 57 14. Corynorhinus rafinesquii pallescens 58 15. Antrozous pallidus pallidus 61 16. Tadarida mexicana 62 17. Myotis velifer incautus, Myotis yumanensis yumanensis, Myotis subula- tus subulatus, Euderma maculatum and Tadarida molossa 64 18. Ochotona princeps 68 19. Lepus townsendii townsendii 75 20. Lepus americanus bairdii 77 21. Lepus califomicus 79 22. Sylvilagus nuttallii 81 23. Sylvilagus audubonii 85 24. Sylvilagus idahoensis 89 25. Tamiasciurus hudsonicus 96 26. Marmota flaviventer 101 27. Cynomys 106 28. Citellus townsendii and Citellus armatus 112 29. Citellus spilosoma and Citellus tridecemlineatus 116 30. Citellus variegatus 119 31. Citellus leucurus 122 32. Citellus lateralis 127 33. Eutamias minimus 133 34. Eutamias quadrivittatus 143 35. Eutamias dorsalis utahensis 150 36. Glaucomys sabrinus lucifugus and Sciurus aberti navajo 152 37. Thomomys talpoides 158 38. Thomomys bottae 181 39. Perognathus fiavus hopiensis and Perognathus formosus 234 40. Perognathus longimembris and Perognathus intermedius crinitus. . . . 238 41. Perognathus apache and Perognathus parvus 242 42. Dipodomys merriami and Microdipodops megacephalus 250 43. Dipodomys ordii and Dipodomys deserti 253 44. Dipodomys microps 270 45. Castor canadensis 285 Illustrations 7 FiGtmE PAGE 46. Reithrodontomys megalotis 295 47. Peromtjscus crinitus 300 48. Peromtjscus eremicus and Perotnyscus nasutus 306 49. Perotnyscus maniculatus 308 50. Peromyscus boylii 318 51. Peromyscus truei 321 52. Omjchomys leucogaster 325 53. Onychomys torridus longicaudus 329 54. Neotoma albigula 334 55. Neotoma lepida and Neotoma mexicana 338 56. Neotoma cinerea and Neotoma stephensi 345 57. Clethrionomys gapperi uintaensis and Lagurus curtatus 356 58. Ondatra zibethicus 357 59. Phenacomys intermedins intermedins 361 60. Microtus pennsylvanicus modestus, Microtus richardsoni macropus and Microtus mexicanus navaho 362 61. Microtus montanus 364 62. Microtus longicaudus 371 63. Zapus princeps 386 64. Erethizon dorsatum 390 65. Canis latrans 395 66. Canis lupus youngi 398 67. Vulpes fulva macroura 400 68. Vulpes macrotis nevadensis 402 69. Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii 404 70. Ursus americanus 408 71. Bassariscus astutus 412 72. Mustela erminea muricus 416 73. Mustela frenata nevadensis 418 74. Mustela vison energumenos and Mustela nigripes 420 75. Martes caurina origenes 423 76. Taxidea taxus 427 77. Mephitis mephitis 430 78. Spilogale gracilis 433 79. Lutra canadensis nexa 435 80. Lynx canadensis canadensis 439 81. Lynx rufus 441 82. Felis concolor 445 83. Cervus canadensis nelsoni 453 84. Odocoileus hemionus hemionus 456 85. Alces americanus shirasi 461 86. Antilocapra americana americana 463 87. Bison bison bison 465 88. Ovis canadensis canadensis 467 Other Maps 89. Type localities 474 90. Faunal divisions of Utah 480 91. Pleistocene Lake Bonneville at its greatest height 492 Introduction INTRODUCTION The mammals of Utah long have attracted students who are con- cerned with studies of taxonomy, distribution and speciation. By reason of its location, climate, and topography the state possesses as wide a range of habitats for mammals as any of the mountain states and a wider range than most. The altitudinal range varies from the dry desertlike Beaverdam Wash at an elevation of 2,250 feet, to the high, well-watered Uinta Mountains at an elevation of more than 13,000 feet. The plant life varies from the catclaw (Acacia greggii) and Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) of the low desert to lichens occurring above timberline. For a student of mammals interested in altitudinal distribution, and especially in ecology, Utah is an ideal area, because it is possible, in a linear distance of ten miles or less, to ascend from the semidesert at approximately 4,000 feet elevation, to above timberline (10,500 feet ) to more than 12,000 feet. To students of the distribution and the speciation of mammals, the efiFects of the widely varied topog- raphy and the barriers formed by the deserts, high mountains and deeply entrenched rivers, are dramatically reflected in that 2 genera, 35 species and 85 subspecies have marginal records of occurrence in Utah, and one species and 70 subspecies are at present restricted to the state. Moreover, Utah appears to be the common meeting ground for many species the principal part of the ranges of which are beyond the state. For a short distance within each of its boundaries Utah contains representatives of some species and genera of mammals that are not found elsewhere within the state. For example, the fauna of the southwestern area of the state possesses Dipodomys deserti, Peromyscus eremicus and Onychomys torridus which occur as far south as northern Mexico; the western area contains Microdipodops megacephalus, which otherwise is restricted to the Great Basin area of Nevada, Oregon and CaHfornia; the northwestern corner contains Citellus heldingi and Eutamias amoenus which range northwestward into Oregon and northwestern Canada, respectively; the northeastern area con- tains Citellus tridecemlineatus which ranges as far to the east as Illinois; the southeastern area, south of the Colorado River, con- tains Sciurus aberti, Citellus spilosoma and Neotoma albigula which range southward into Mexico, Cynomys gunnisoni which occurs to the south and east in New Mexico and Arizona, and Mustela nigripes, which is an inhabitant of the western Great Plains; the 10 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat, Hist. southern area contains Peromyscus nasutus and Neotoma stephensi, which occur to the south in Arizona and New Mexico, and Micro- tus mexicanus, which ranges southward into Mexico. In addition, many subspecies known to occur outside the state, also occur just within its boundaries. The aforementioned distributional data indicate why Utah is considered one of the critical areas in under- standing the distribution of the mammals of the western United States. Mammalogists have been interested in the fauna of Utah for a long time. Shortly after Utah was settled by the Mormon pioneers in 1847, specimens were obtained, which are for the most part in the United States National Museum. As early as 1850, Captains H. Stansbury and J. W. Gunnison were in the area, and obtained the first specimens from Utah upon which a kind of mammal new to science was named. These foxes (skins only) were the basis for the name Vulpes macrourus {■= Vulpes fulva macroura (Baird, 1852:309)], In the next decade several exploring parties, under the supervision of the Department of War, were in the territory and were engaged in surveying routes for wagons and railroads. These parties usually included someone who was delegated to obtain and prepare objects of natural history. The most important of these parties were those of Captain J. W. Gunnison in 1853 and of Captain J. H. Simpson in 1858-1859. The latter party obtained specimens of the second new mammal from Utah (Citel- lus townsendii mollis Kennicott, 1863:157), and also the holotype of Neotoma lepida lepida (Thomas, 1893:234), which was obtained somewhere between Camp Floyd (Fairfield), Utah, and Genoa, Nevada, Doctor H, C. Yarrow and H. W. Henshaw collected specimens in Utah in 1872 and C. Hart Merriam also collected some in 1872 and 1891. Other collectors, under the auspices of the United States Government, who obtained materials from Utah were Vernon Bailey in 1888, 1889, 1890 and 1893; J, A, Loring in 1893; W, H, Osgood in 1908 and A, M, Moore in 1927 and 1928, Some- time prior to 1874, J, A, Allen was in Utah, The American Mu- seum of Natural History sent Charles P. Rowley to Utah in 1892 and Walter W, Granger in 1895 and 1896, George P, Engelhardt obtained mammals in Utah for the Brooklyn Institute in 1904 and 1917. Doctor and Mrs. A. Svihla obtained mammals from the north slopes of the Uinta Mountains in 1928. During the past 30 years, the University of California, University of Utah, Brigham Young University, Utah State Agricultural College and the Carnegie Museum have been the principal institutions which have been Introduction 11 active in obtaining specimens of mammals from Utah. As a result of this activity, many specimens are in the several collections, and 99 kinds (species and subspecies) have been named from mam- mals from the state. In spite of the fact that mammals have been gathered from Utah and prepared as specimens throughout the past 100 years, no comprehensive report upon the kinds and their distribution, based upon actual specimens and supplemented by precise field data, has yet appeared. This does not imply that nothing has been done, because a considerable number of articles has already been published relative to the mammals of Utah. The earliest record of mammals in Utah was, insofar as I have been able to ascertain, the report of Father Escalante, who on September 13, 1776, re- corded the killing of a bison near the present town of Jensen, Uinta County (Auerbach, 1943:55). Approximately 250 papers have appeared in which mention is made of mammals from Utah (see Hayward, 1936, 1941). Among the more important early papers are those of Allen (1874, 1893b and 1896), Baird (1852, 1858 and 1859), Coues (1875 and 1877), Coues and Allen (1877), Coues and Yarrow (1875) and Newberry (1857). Since 1890, the literature pertaining to mammals from Utah mainly consists of original descriptions and short papers dealing with new records of occurrences, notes on life histories and extension of ranges, and references in monographs of several kinds in the North American Fauna series. Longer papers, on the mammals of Utah, are those of Barnes (1922 and 1927), Hall (1931), Svihla (1931), Stan- ford (1931), Marshall (1940), Long (1940), Hardy (1941 and 1945), Durrant and Setzer (1945) and Durrant (1946). Barnes (1922 and 1927) prepared the first accounts of the mam- mals of Utah, by bringing together all information known at that time. In his last (1927) publication, he hsted 122 kinds (species and subspecies) as occurring in Utah. Of this number 12 are no longer known to occur in the state, and, at present, 49 have scien- tific name-combinations different from those that he applied to them. The present report is based upon studies pursued in the field and museum over the past 18 years. Whereas Barnes (op. cit. ) recorded 122 different kinds of mammals as occurring in Utah, the present paper lists 247 kinds, of which 244 are represented by specimens in collections. The remaining three kinds, Procyon lotor pallidiis, Maries pennanti columbiana and Gulo luscus luscus, are included on the basis of what I consider to be unimpeachable evi- dence of their occurrence. Moreover, I have attempted to point 12 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. out the factors responsible for the present distribution of mammals in Utah, and hope that I have, in part, explained why so many sub- species have evolved within, and are as yet restricted to, the state. I am keenly aware that reports upon research are only progress reports, and that much yet remains to be done in Utah to complete the list of kinds that occur in the state. My hope is that this report will evoke as many problems as it answers, that it will be of service to my colleagues, and that it will stimulate additional investiga- tions in mammalogy in Utah and elsewhere. If it fulfills these hopes, the present report will have been well justified. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to the following staff members, graduate students, and undergraduate students of the Division of Biology of the University of Utah for aid in the field work and collecting of specimens: William H. Behle Stanley B. Mulaik Jack H, Benyman William W. Newby Harold S. Crane J. Paul Newey Chfton M. Greenhalgh Robert C. Pendleton Richard M. Hansen Richard Dee Porter Ross Hardy Robert K. Selander Harold W. Higgins Henry W. Setzer Keith R. Kelson John D. Vasquez Edward E. Midgley Angus M. Woodbury Dorothea D. Midaik My thanks are extended to the following for the loan of specimens from Utah and for comparative materials: Harold E. Anthony, American Museum of Natiural History, New York City, New York; Alfred M. Bailey, Colorado Mu- seum of Natural History, Denver, Colorado; Seth B. Benson, Museum of Verte- brate Zoology, University of Cahfomia, Berkeley, CaUfomia; William H. Burt, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; J. Kenneth Doutt, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Ross Hardy, Dixie Jimior College, St. George, Utah; Lawrence M. Huey, Natural History Museum of San Diego, San Diego, California; C. Lynn Hayward and Vasco M. Tanner, Brigham Yoimg University, Provo, Utah; H. H. T. Jackson, Viola S. Schantz and Stanley P. Young, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. National Museimi, Washington, D. C; Harry C. Oberholser, Cleveland Museum of Natural His- tory, Cleveland, Ohio; Remington Kellogg and Alexander Wetmore, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C; J. S. Stanford, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah. For the acquisition of materials and for information relative to game and furbearing species, I thank the following members of the Utah State Depart- ment of Fish and Game: Ross M. Leonard, Randall L. Turpin (former Direc- tors), Jack H. Berryman, Harold S. Crane, D. M. Gaufin, Lee Kay and Jay R. Udy. To District Agent, Owen W. Morris, and former District Agent, R. Scott Zimmerman, Utah District, Predator and Rodent Control, U. S. Fish and Wild- life Service, and to aU hvmters under their jurisdiction, I extend my gratitude Aims and Treatment 13 for invaluable assistance in the acquisition of specimens and information rela- tive to the larger predators. I acknowledge my great indebtedness to Professor E. Raymond Hall of the Museimi of Natural History, University of Kansas, for critical assistance in the preparation of this paper, and also for continued guidance and aid through- out the many years duration of the project; to Professor R. V. Chamberlain, former head of the Department of Biology, University of Utah, under whom the work was initiated; to Professor Ray E. Marsell, of the University of Utah, for aid in the geological aspects of the problem; to John C. Downey for aid in the preparation of the distribution maps; and to Professors A. Byron Leonard and Worthie H. Horr, of the University of Kansas for valuable suggestions. Finally, I am not unmindful of my indebtedness to my many friends and col- leagues, and to the many citizens of the state of Utah who have given freely of their time and assistance to add to the worth of this work. AIMS The preparation of this account of the Recent mammals of Utah had the fol- lowing main objectives: 1. To determine what kinds of mammals occur within the poHtical confines of the state. 2. To ascertain the geographic range of each kind, and to provide maps of distribution. 3. To provide, insofar as possible, a complete synonymy of each kind (spe- cies and subspecies), as pertains to Utah. 4. To provide an adequate description for each kind prepared from speci- mens from Utah. 5. To furnish keys from orders to species, to enable each of the several kinds of mammals to be readily identified. 6. To catalogue and evaluate taxonomically the extent of variation — indi- vidual, specific, subspecific and geographic. 7. To show the eflFect of physiography, especially since the beginning of Pleistocene time, upon speciation. 8. To present evidence, as regards time, on the rate of speciation in mam- mals. TREATMENT The arrangement of the major taxonomic categories, from order to genus, is after Simpson (1945:48-162). Although I have followed the above arrangement, I have, nevertheless, deviated from it in the usage of some generic names. For example, I do not feel that Lynx is a synonym of Felis since the anatomical differences of taxonomic import outweigh the similarities, and each has evolved well marked species with subspecies. In arranging the species I have followed Miller ( 1924 ) . I have departed from his arrangement in those cases where a revisionary work exists for the genus. The arrangement of the subspecies is from north to south and west to east within the state ( see list of counties ) . 14 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Lest I be criticized for slighting the major taxonomic categories, a check list has been included. To insure clarity, and for continuity in the text, each order is introduced by a brief characterization, fol- lowed by a summary of the kinds in Utah and a key to the species. Each subspecies is treated under the following eight headings: 1. The accepted scientific name, employed in agreement with the interna- tional irules of zoological nomenclature, followed on the same line by the name of the author. There are several departures in this account from name combi- nations known to be employed elsewhere in the Hterature. Some kinds formerly regarded as full species are here regarded as only subspecies, for example red squirrels of the genus Tamiasciurus are considered in Utah as belonging to the species Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, rather than to two species, Tamiasciurus hud- sonicus and Tamiasciurus fremonti, and T. fremonti is arranged as a subspecies of T. hudsonicus. Other kinds such as prairie dogs, Cynomys leucurus and Cynomys parvidens, are retained as distinct species, even tliough some authors consider the latter to be only a subspecies of the former. Reasons are indi- cated for all such changes initiated in the present work. I concur with Hall (1946:8) in his definition of a Recent mammalian species "A species is an evolved (and often evolving), reproductively isolated natural population in which individuals of similar age and sex (in at least one age group of one sex) possess in common certain heritable, morphological characters that are distinctive." Generally, if intergrades occur in areas where the geographic ranges of closely related forms come in contact, the distinct kinds were con- sidered as subspecies of the same species. If no interbreeding occurred in the aforementioned areas the distinct kinds were regarded as belonging to two distinct species. In some cases, however, certain kinds are considered to be subspecies even though no intergrades were found. The chisel-toothed kangaroo rat Dipodomys microps alfredi is known to occur only on Gunnison Island in Great Salt Lake, and no intergrading animals are known between it and Dipodomys microps bonnevillei of the adjacent mainland. My reason for considering the insular kind as a subspecies, even though no intergrades are known, is that the differences between D. m. alfredi and D. m. bonnevillei are no greater than those between D. m. bonnevillei and other recognized kinds from the mainland with which D. m,. bonnevillei is known to intergrade. 2. The vernacular name, applied only to species and meant to apply to all of the subspecies of the species. The coining of vernacular names for sub- species, seems to me to add little to the understanding of mammals, since below the level of the species, names usually are of concern only to the special- ist who is already famiUar with the accepted trinomial. 3. The synonymy, in which the first citation is to the original description, followed by the designation of the type locality. The second citation is the first usage of the name combination (generic, specific and subspecific) em- ployed in the present work, unless the combination is the same as that of the original description. While recognizing that the first usage of the binomial such as Sorex obscurus, nomenclaturaUy, is considered to be the same as Sorex obscurus obscurus, I have, nevertheless, included both combinations of names in the account for completeness as concerns the names apphed to Aims and Treatment 15 Utah-taken specimens. The remaining citations consist of the different name combinations, arranged chronologically with author and reference, that have been appHed to Utah-taken specimens. A pure synonym is recognizable as such because the citation is followed by the designation of the type locality. Throughout the synonymy, a comma is placed between the scientific name and the author if the author did not originally propose the name; conversely, the absence of a comma indicates that the author did propose the name. I have attempted to furnish as complete a synonymy as possible pertaining strictly to Utah-taken specimens. Names occurring in papers not considered as being valid publications, and those papers containing only vernacular names have not been included. 4. The range, in this account, is considered to be generally only the geo- graphic distribution. 5. The paragraph entitled description and comments begins with the stand- ard measurements of the individual taken soon after its death. These meas- urements (in millimeters, imless otherwise stated) are (a) total length (tip of nose to distal end of caudal vertebrae), (b) length of tail (from place where tail bends at a right angle with the back to the end of the fleshy part of the tail, not including the hairs which project beyond its tip), (c) length of hind foot (from proximal end of heel to end of longest claw), and (d) length of ear (from notch). Unless otherwise indicated, measurements are of adults. When more than three animals of each sex were measured, the measurements are reported as average, maximum and minimimi. If fewer than three were measured, each is listed by its catalogue number and collec- tion with its individual measurements. Next, there is a description of the skin and skull. In the course of preparing the species accounts, my students and I named and described 32 new kinds of mammals, and reported four kinds previously unreported from the state. In addition to these 32 new kinds, each of the other kinds known to occur in Utah is redescribed in the present work. It was considered advantageous to have in a single volume, descriptions of all kinds of mammals known from the state, prepared by a single person, insofar as possible, from specimens taken from Utah. All capi- talized color terms are after PUdgway (1912). Comparisons are given in de- tail sufficient to enable anyone to distinguish the members of any subspecies in question from all lands with which it might be confused. Remarks follow on details of range, problems of inter gradation, reasons for assignments of in- tergrading specimens to certain subspecies, extent of geographic variation, and in some few cases there are pertinent remarks on natural history. 6. Under specimens examined, the first report is the total number of specimens that I personally examined. This is followed by the exact locali- ties of capture, the numbers from each locality, and designations as to own- ership of the specimen. With rare exception, the localities of capture here reported are taken directly from the labels on the specimens. In some few cases, however, I have placed specimens from several localities under a gen- eral heading where the locahties are in such close proximity to each other that I felt the repetition to be needless and to add nothing of importance. This study is based upon 7,648 specimens, the majority of which are in the collection of the Museum of Zoology, University of Utah. Unless otherwise 16 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. indicated, specimens are in the aforementioned collection. Abbreviations des- ignating specimens from other collections are as follows: ( A. M. N. H. ) ... American Museum of Natural History. (B. Y. U. ) Brigham Young University. (CM.) Carnegie Museum. ( CL. M. N. H. ) . . Cleveland Museum of Natural History. ( C. M. N. H. ) . . . Colorado Museum of Natural History. ( D. J. C. ) Dixie Junior College. ( K. U. ) Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. ( M. V. Z. ) Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of CaUfomia. (N. H. M. S. D.), Natural History Museum of San Diego. ( R. H. ) Collection of Ross Hardy. (U. M.) Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. (U. S. A. C.) Utah State Agricultural College. (U. S. N. M.). . . United States National Museum. The order of listing of locahties within a county is from north to south; where two localities occur on the same parallel, the western one is first. The counties are in the following sequence ( see fig. 89 ) : Boxelder Cache Rich Weber Morgan Tooele Davis Salt Lake 7. The additional records, are records from the literature, or from field notes of unquestioned accuracy. If I have examined specimens from localities already recorded in the literatiire, these locahties are omitted from this section since they are included under specimens examined. 8. The tables of cranial measurements, unless otherwise indicated, are based on animals measured by me. If the name of the state does not follow the locality in the table, the locaHty is in Utah. The distribution maps show locahties from which specimens have been obtained, and second, by shading, the area in which I suppose the animal occurs. It should be kept in mind that the animals occupy only those areas within the supposed range which contain suitable habitats. TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE Utah is one of the mountain states of the western United States, situated between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, within a region characterized as an upland plateau. This gener- ally high inland plateau region contains many mountains and higher plateaus which have been cut by numerous canyons and is dotted with many lakes and inland valleys. The major part of the state consists of two large drainage basins (Great Basin and Colorado Basin), which Atwood (1940:12) considers to be parts of two large physiographic subprovinces. These two drainage basins are sepa- Summit Sanpete Piute Daggett Carbon Wayne Utah MiUard Iron Wasatch Sevier Garfield Duchesne Emery Washington Uintah Grand Kane Juab Beaver San Juan Topography and Climate 17 rated by a long chain of mountains and high plateaus which di- vide the state into nearly equal halves. This mountainous division begins in the north at the southwest comer of Wyoming, proceeds southward approximately two-thirds of the length of Utah, whence it bears westward to the southwest corner of the state. The only exception to the above account is that the northern slopes of the Raft River Mountains, in extreme northwestern Utah, drain into the Snake River in Idaho. The two major drainage systems are mark- edly different from each other as concerns drainage. That part of Utah within the Colorado Basin drains into large streams which are deeply entrenched and flow generally from north to south. The drainage within the Great Basin has no outlet to the ocean and the water, where sufficient, collects into depressions in the valleys where it evaporates. Great Basin. — Practically all of western Utah, west of the central mountain chain, is in the Great Basin. More exactly it contains the entire drainage system of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, comprising roughly the region between the Idaho-Utah boundary and Iron County and Salt Lake City and the Utah-Nevada boundary. As this lake disappeared, the drainage was subdivided into many sepa- rate basins, each with its brackish or salty lake, or barren whitish playa in the bottom. Among these many separate basins, the Great Salt Lake, Sevier Lake and Little Salt Lake are the more important. The eastern margins of the Great Basin in Utah contain some of the highest mountains and plateaus within the state, such as the Wasatch, San Pitch, Pavant, Tuchar, Canon, Markagunt and others which range in elevation from 9,000 to 12,000 feet. On the east side of the Great Basin, between these mountains and the divide sepa- rating them from the Colorado Basin drainage, there are long, nar- row, deep valleys. Waters from these narrow, deep drainage basins flow westward into the lower parts of the Great Basin. To enable this westward flow of these waters, the mountains have been tra- versed by canyons, and some of the major streams within the Great Basin have been developed. The southern narrow valleys are drained by the Sevier River which flows northward to meet the San Pitch River which flows southward. These streams drain val- leys of the same names and flow collectively 140 miles before uniting. They then flow to the west into Sevier Lake in the lower parts of the Great Basin. Farther north, the Spanish Fork, Provo, Weber, Ogden and Logan rivers flow westward through canyons of the same names and empty into the lower reaches of the Great Basin. The Bear River merits separate comment. It arises in Utah, flows 18 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. through southwestern Wyoming and southeastern Idaho in making its detour around the northern end of the Wasatch Mountains at Alexander, Idaho, from there it flows southward to empty into the Great Salt Lake. In Utah, the remainder of the Great Basin, lying between the aforementioned mountains and the Utah-Nevada boundary con- sists generally of lowlands ranging in elevation from 4,200 to 5,500 feet. These lowlands, however, are interspersed with numerous mountains which lie in a north-south direction and attain elevations of 3,000 to 5,000 feet above the valley floor. These mountains are for the most part block mountains, caused by faulting. Some, how- ever, show evidence of folding (Atwood, 1940:395). The lowland areas on the floor of the basin, between these mountains, are for the most part desertlike. Throughout the basin, the soil varies from pure crystalline salt (Great Salt Lake Desert) through varying stages of salinity to nonsaline. Colorado Basin. — Among the outstanding features of this basin are its two large rivers, the Green and Colorado. The Green River arises in Wyoming and enters Utah from the north in Daggett County. It turns abruptly eastward and, after flowing approxi- mately 30 miles, cuts through the eastern end of the Uinta Moun- tains into Colorado and then turns back into Utah. It then flows southward half the length of the state to enter the Colorado River. The Colorado River arises in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, enters Utah approximately near the middle of the east side and flows southwestward through deep canyons to leave the state near the middle of its southern boundary. The more important tributary streams which drain the slopes from the Great Basin divide are Uinta, Duchesne, Price, San Rafael, Fremont (Dirty Devil), Es- calante, Paria, Kanab and Virgin rivers. The White River from northwestern Colorado and the San Juan River which enters Utah near "four corners" are the main eastern tributaries. An equally outstanding feature of this entire drainage system is the steep gradient of the streams, which have cut through mountains ( LaDore Canyon, Flaming Gorge ) , and have deeply entrenched themselves in U-shaped gorges. As a result, the topography of the entire system is one of highly dissected mesas and mountains, giving to eastern and southeastern Utah its characteristic cliff and rock exposure type of physiography. This broken-up terrain has acted importantly in the speciation of mammals through the development of smaU geo- graphic ranges and physical barriers. The gradient of this river system can be appreciated better with the following data in mind: Topography and Climate 19 Green River enters Utah in Daggett County at an elevation of 5,855 feet and the Colorado River enters Grand County at 4,330 feet. At their confluence the elevation is 3,875 feet, and where the Colo- rado River leaves Utah, the elevation is 3,160 feet. Westwardly in Washington County, the Virgin River and Beaverdam Wash leave Utah to enter Arizona at 2,250 feet. Hence, the Virgin River Basin is the lowest, both within the Colorado Basin drainage in Utah and the entire state, and is alone in possessing elements of the Lower Sonoran Life-zone. The Uinta Mountains are the largest mountains in North Amer- ica that have their long axis in an east-west direction. These moun- tains are wholly limited to Utah, extending roughly just inside its northern boundary from southwestern Wyoming to Colorado. With the exception of the extreme western part (origin of Bear, Weber and Provo rivers ) , these mountains are totally within the Colorado Basin drainage. The northern slopes drain into Green River proper, while the southern slopes drain into the Duchesne River which is a tributary of the Green River. The highest areas in Utah are in these mountains. Kings Peak, at 13,498 feet, is the highest, but there are six others over 13,000 feet. Uinta Basin located immediately south of the Uinta Mountains is underlaid by strata which gradually rise to the south, forming the East Tavaputs and West Tavaputs pla- teaus. On their south faces, these plateaus break oflF abruptly into high escarpments which are known as the Bad Land, Roan and Book cli£Fs. This escarpment extends eastward from the Great Basin- Colorado Basin divide to Colorado. The only major break in this escarpment is the deep canyon of the Green River, which emerges at Greenriver, Utah. The Colorado Basin drainage is further characterized in having four isolated mountain systems. In Grand and San Juan counties, east of the Colorado River, the isolated La Sal, Abajo and Navajo mountains attain heights of 13,089, 11,357 and 10,416 feet, re- spectively. East of the Colorado River, in Garfield County, the Henry Mountains (laccoliths) rise to 11,485 feet. Climate. — Utah receives the major part of its moisture from the Pacific Ocean, although some moisture-laden air occasionally reaches Utah from the Gulf of Mexico. High mountains intercept the moisture-laden air between Utah and the Pacific Ocean and extract much of its water. Inasmuch as Utah is in the rain shadow of these mountains, it belongs to some of the driest regions of the North American continent. The desert valleys average four to ten inches of precipitation annually. Proportionate to their increase 20 University of Kansas Publs,, Mus. Nat. Hist. in elevation above the valley floor, mountains receive more pre- cipitation. The rate is usually one inch for each 160-200 feet rise in elevation. Another feature of precipitation is the unequal yearly distribution. Southern Utah has two periods of deficiency, late spring and early summer, and late fall, and two periods of maxima, late winter and late summer. In the north, however, there is but a single seasonal cycle, with a minimum in midsummer and a maxi- mum in early spring. The kind of precipitation also varies from that of little snow in the Virgin River Basin to nearly all snow in the high northern mountains. Utah is further characterized by having torrential rains called "cloudbursts". Utah is also endowed with features of climate such as periods of prolonged drouth, heavy rains and blizzards, all of which alter both the cyclic and average yearly rates of precipitation. The bulk of the utilizable water in Utah falls in the form of snow in the mountains. Here it is held in storage as snow and is unavailable to organisms until it melts. Upon melting it seeps into the soil which acts as a reservoir of water in the liquid state. If the soil is porous, the melting snow or rain will seep into the interstices. When more water is available than the soil can absorb, then runoff occurs. Nearly all streams in Utah are subject to heavy runoff in spring thaws and heavy summer rains, because of lack of porous soil on the watersheds. This has been enhanced further throughout the state because of loss of top soil through misuse and overgrazing. Where good soil exists, the excess soil water per- colates downward and serves to supply water tables and springs. Permanent streams are maintained by springs which utilize this percolating water. Utah has many waterways which have only temporary streams, and this is indicative of aridity. Temperature in Utah is variable and has wide ranges. Daily minima and maxima may be thirty degrees different, and the sum- mer maximum may be 100 or more degrees higher than the winter minimum. In summer the relative humidity is extremely low and the evaporation rate is high. Scanty precipitation combined with high rates of evaporation and low relative humidity result in desert conditions, common to Utah. The average relative humidity in Utah is near 50 per cent and is like that of Arizona and Nevada. In contrast, other western mountain states have 50-65 per cent; great plains, 70-75 per cent and the seacoast, 75-80 per cent. Be- cause of the low humidity and high temperatures, the evaporation rate in Utah is extremely high, averaging 45-55 inches per year from free water surfaces in the western valleys. Check-list of Mammals of Utah 21 CHECK-LIST OF MAMMALS OF UTAH Order INSECTIVORA— insectivores Family Soricidae — shrews Genus Sorex Linnaeus — long-tailed shrews page Sorex merriami leucogenys Osgood Merriam shrew 31 Sorex vagrans monticola Merriam vagrant shrew 31 Sorex obscurus ohscurus Merriam dusky shrew 34 Sorex palustris rmvigator (Baird) water shrew 35 Order CHIROPTERA— bats Family Vespertelionidae — vespertilionid bats Genus Myotis Kaup — mouse-eared bats My Otis lucifugus carissima Thomas lu- f 40 Myotis lucifugus phasma Miller and Allen | Myotis yumanensis yumanensis (H. Allen) Yuma myotis 42 Myotis velifer incautus (J. A. Allen) house bat 43 Myotis evotis evotis (H. Allen) long-eared myotis 43 Myotis volans interior Miller hairy-winged myotis 44 Myotis calif ornicus stephensi Dalquest California myotis 46 Myotis subulatus suhulaius (Say) Myotis subulatus melanorhinus (Mer- riam) Genus Lasionycteris Peters — silvery-haired bats Lasionycteris noctivagans ( Le Conte ) silvery-haired bat 50 Genus Pipistrellus Kaup — pipistrelles Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus ( H. Allen ) western pipistrelle 51 Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque — serotine bats Eptesicus fuscus pallidus Young big brown bat 53 Genus Lasiurus Gray — hairy-tailed bats Lasiurus borealis teliotis ( H. Allen ) red bat 56 Lasiurus cinereus cinereus ( Beauvois ) hoary bat 56 Genus Corynorhinus H. Allen — ^long-eared bats Corynorhinus rafinesquii pallescens Miller long-eared bat 58 Genus Euderma H. Allen — spotted bat Euderma maculatum (J. A. Allen) spotted bat 59 Genus Antrozous H. Allen — nyctophyline bats Antrozous pallidus pallidus ( Le Conte ) pallid bat 60 Family Molossidae — molossid bats Genus Tadarida Rafinesque — free-tailed bats Tadarida mexicana ( Saussure ) Mexican free-tailed bat ... 63 Tadarida molossa ( Pallas ) big free-tailed bat 63 'small-footed myotis 48 22 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Order LAGOMORPHA— hares, rabbits and pikas Family Ochotonidae — pikas Genus Ochotona Link — pikas Ochotona princeps uinta Hollister Ochotona princeps cinnamomea Allen Ochotona princeps fuscipes Howell Ochotona princeps utahensis Hall and Hayward Ochotona princeps saxatilis Bangs PAGE pika 67 Family Leporidae — hares and rabbits Genus Lepus Linnaeus — ^hares Lepus townsendii townsendii Bachman Lepus americanus bairdii Hayden Lepus californicus deserticola Meams Lepus californicus texianus Waterhouse white-tailed jack rabbit, snowshoe rabbit 74 76 ^black-tailed jack rabbit. . . 78 NuttaU cottontail .... .. 81 ■Audubon cottontail . . . .. 84 pigmy rabbit .. 88 Genus Sylvilagus Gray — cottontails and allies Sylvilagus nuttallii grangeri (AUen) Sylvilagus nuttallii pinetis (Allen) Sylvilagus auduhonii haileyi (Merriam) Sylvilagus auduhonii arizonae (Allen) Sylvilagus auduhonii warreni Nelson Sylvilagus idahoensis ( Merriam ) Order RODENTIA— rodents Family Sciuridae — squirrels Genus Sciunis Linnaeus — squirrels Sciurus aberti navajo Durrant and Kelson Abert squirrel 94 Genus Tamiasciurus Trouessart — red squirrels Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ventorum I (Allen) Tamiasciurus hudsonicus fremonti ( Audubon and Bachman ) Tamiasciurus hudsonicus dixiensis Hardy J Genus Marmota Blumenbach — marmots Marmota -ftaviventer nosophora Howell Marmota flaviventer engelhardti Allen Marmota jhviventer luteola Howell Genus Cynomys Rafinesque — ^prairie dogs Cynomys leucurus Merriam Cynomys parvidens Allen Cynomys gunnisoni zuniensis Hollister Genus Citellus Oken — ground squirrels and spermophiles Citellus townsendii mollis (Kennicott) Townsend ground squirrel, 111 Citellus beldingi crebrus Hall Belding ground squirrel . . 113 ■red squirrel 95 yellow-bellied marmot 101 105 white-tailed prairie dog. Utah prairie dog 108 Zuni prairie dog 109 Check-list of Mammals of Utah 23 CiteUus armatus (Kennicott) Citellus tridecemlineatus parvus (Allen) CiteUus spilosonia cryptospilotus ( Meniam ) Citellus variegatus Utah Merriam Citellus variegatus grammurus (Say) Citellus leucurus leucurus (Merriam) Citellus leucurus pennipes ( Howell ) Citellus leucurus cinnamomeus ( Mer- riam) Uinta ground squirrel . . . 13-lined ground squirrel spotted ground squirrel. . rock squirrel PAGE 114 115 117 118 ■antelope ground squirrel. . 121 golden-mantled ground squirrel Citellus lateralis trepidus ( Taylor ) Citellus lateralis castanurus (Merriam) Citellus lateralis lateralis (Say) Genus Eutamias Trouessart — ^west American and Asiatic chipmimks Eutamias minimus consobrinus (Allen) Eutamias minimus minimus ( Bachman ) Eutamias minimus pictus (AUen) Eutamias minimus scrutator Hall and Hatfield Eutamias minimus operarius Merriam Eutamias amoenus amoenus ( Allen ) Eutamias quadrivittatus umbrinus (Allen) Eutamias quadrivittatus inyoensis Merriam Eutamias quadrivittatus adsitus Allen Eutamias quadrivittatus hopiensis Merriam Eutamias dorsalis utahensis Merriam Genus Glaucomys Thomas — American flying squirrels Glaucamys sabrinus lucifugus Hall northern flying squirrel 126 •least chipmunk 132 yellow-pine chipmunk ... 141 Say chipmunk 142 cliff chipmunk 149 151 Family Geomyidae — pocket gophers Genus Thomomys Wied — smooth-toothed pocket gophers Thomomys talpoides gracilis Durrant Thomomys talpoides wasatchensis Dur- rant Thomomys talpoides oquirrhensis Durrant Thomomys talpoides uinta Merriam Thomomys talpoides pygmaeus Merriam Thomomys talpoides ravus Dvurant Thomomys talpoides ocius Merriam Thomomys talpoides moorei Goldman Thomomys talpoides durranti Kelson Thomomys talpoides parowanensis Goldman Thomomys talpoides levis Goldman ■northern pocket gopher. . . 156 24 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. PAGE 'Botta pocket gopher 180 Thomomys bottae aureiventris Hall Thomomys bottae robustus Durrant Thomomys bottae minimus Durrant Thomomys bottae nesophilus Durrant Thomomys bottae stansburyi Durrant Thomomys bottae albicaudatus Hall Thomomys bottae bonnevillei Durrant Thomomys bottae centralis Hall Thomomys bottae sevieri Durrant Thomomys bottae convexus Durrant Thomomys bottae tivius Diurant Thomomys bottae contractus Durrant Thomomys bottae lenis Goldman Thomomys bottae levidensis Goldman Thomomys bottae osgoodi Goldman Thomomys bottae howelli Goldman Thomomys bottae wahwahensis Durrant Thomomys bottae dissimilis Goldman Thomomys bottae aureus Allen Thomomys bottae birdseyei Goldman Thomomys bottae virgineus Goldman Thomomys bottae planirostris Burt Thomomys bottae absonus Goldman Thomomys bottae alexandrae Goldman Family Heteromyidae — pocket mice, kangaroo mice, and kangaroo rats Genus Perognathus Wied — ^pocket mice Perognathus jlavus hopiensis Goldman Perognathus apache caryi Goldman Perognathus apache apache Merriam Perognathus longimembris gulosus Hall Perognathus longimembris virginis Huey Perognathus longimembris arizonensis Goldman Perognathus longimembris arcus Benson Perognathus parvus olivaceus Merriam Perognathus parvus clams Goldman Perognathus formosus incolatus Hall Perognathus formosus formosus Merriam Perognathus formosus mohavensis Huey Perognathus intermedius crinitus Benson intermediate pocket mouse, 247 Genus Microdipodops Merriam — ^kangaroo mice Microdipodops megacephalus leucotis Hall and Durrant Microdipodops megacephalus paululus Hall and Durrant Baird pocket mouse 233 Apache pocket mouse 233 little pocket mouse 237 >Great Basin pocket mouse, 241 long-tailed pocket mouse . . 244 ■dark kangaroo mouse 250 Check-list of Mammals of Utah 25 •Ord kangaroo rat 252 Genus Dipodomys Gray — kangaroo rats Dipodomys ordii celeripes Durrant and Hall Dipodomys ordii utahensis ( Merriam ) Dipodomys ordii marshalli Goldman Dipodomys ordii cineraceus Goldman Dipodomys ordii prisons Hoffmeister Dipodomys ordii pallidus Dvirrant and Setzer Dipodomys ordii uintensis Durrant and Setzer Dipodomys ordii sanrafaeli Durrant and Setzer Dipodomys ordii nexilis Goldman Dipodomys ordii fetosus Durrant and HaU Dipodomys ordii fremonti Durrant and Setzer Dipodomys ordii cinderensis Hardy Dipodomys ordii panguitchensis Hardy Dipodomys ordii cupidineus Goldman Dipodomys ordii longipes ( Merriam ) Dipodomys microps bonnevillei Gold- man Dipodomys microps russeolus Goldman Dipodomys microps alfredi Goldman Dipodomys microps subtenuis Goldman Dipodomys microps celsus Goldman Dipodomys microps woodburyi Hardy Dipodomys merriami vulcani Benson Dipodomys merriami merriami Mearns Dipodomys deserti deserti Stephens Family Castoridae — beavers Genus Castor Linnaeus — beavers Castor canadensis pallidus Durrant and Crane Castor canadensis rostralis Dvirrant and Crane Castor canadensis duchesnei Durrant and Crane Castor canadensis repentinus Goldman Family Cricetidae — native rats and mice Genus Reithrodontomys Giglioli — American harvest mice Reithrodontomys megalotis megalotis (Baird) Reithrodontomys megalotis ravus Gold- J-westem harvest mouse man Reithrodontomys megalotis aztecus Allen PAGE chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, 269 Merriam kangaroo rat desert kangaroo rat . . 278 280 •beaver 284 295 26 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. -canyon mouse 299 cactus mouse 305 ■deer mouse 307 brush mouse 317 ■pifion mouse 320 long-nosed deer mouse . . . 323 Genus Peromyscus Gloger — white-footed mice Peromyscus crinitus pergracilis Gold- man Peromyscus crinitus doutti Goin Peromyscus crinitus auripectus (Allen) Peromyscus crinitus stephensi Meams Peromyscus eremicus eremicus (Baird) Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis (Le Conte) Peromyscus maniculatus rufinus ( Mer- riam) Peromyscus maniculatus osgoodi Meams Peromyscus maniculatus inclarus Goldman Peromyscus boylii utahensis Durrant Peromyscus boylii rowleyi (Allen) Peromyscus truei nevadensis Hall and HoflFmeister Peromyscus truei truei (Shufeldt) Peromyscus nasutus nasutus (Allen) Genus Onychomys Baird — grasshopper mice Onychomys leucogaster utahensis Goldman Onychomys leucogaster melanophrys Merriam Onychomys leucogaster pallescens Merriam Onychomys torridus longicaudus Merriam Genus Neotoma Say and Ord — wood rats Neotoma alhigula brevicauda Durrant Neotoma alhigula laplataensis Miller Neotoma mexicana inopinata Goldman Neotoma lepida lepida Thomas Neotoma lepida marshalli Goldman Neotoma lepida sanrafaeli Kelson Neotoma lepida monstrabilis Goldman Neotoma stephensi relicta Goldman Neotoma cinerea alticola Hooper Neotoma cinerea acraia ( Elliott ) Neotoma cinerea orolestes Merriam Neotoma cinerea macrodon Kelson Neotoma cinerea arizonae Merriam Genus Clethrionomys Tilesius — red-backed mice Clethrionomys gapperi uintaensis Doutt red-backed mouse PAGE northern grasshopper mouse southern grasshopper mouse >white-tliroated wood rat. Mexican wood rat ■desert wood rat Stephens wood rat. 324 329 334 336 337 344 ■bushy-tailed wood rat. . . . 344 355 Check-list of Mammals of Utah 27 PAGE heather vole 360 Pennsylvanian meadow mouse 362 montane meadow mouse. . 363 Genus Ondatra Link — muskrats Ondatra zibethicus osoyoosensis (hord) ) Ondatra zibethicus goldmani Huey J Genus Phenacomys Merriam — ^heather voles Phenacomys intermedius intermedins Merriam Genus Microtus Schrank — meadow mice Microtus pennsylvanicus modestus (Baird) Microtus montanus nanus (Merriam) Microtus montanus nexus Hall and Hayward Microtus montanus micropus Hall Microtus montanus amosus Hall and Hayward Microtus montanus rivularis Bailey Microtus longicaudus latus Hall Microtus longicaudus mordax ( Mer- riam) Microtus longicaudus alticoh, ( Mer- riam) Microtus mexicanus navaho Benson Microtus richardsoni macropus ( Mer- riam) Genus Lagurus Gloger — short-tailed voles Lagurus curtatus intermedius ( Taylor ) Lagurus curtatus levidensis Goldman long-tailed meadow mouse, 371 Mexican vole 375 big-footed meadow mouse, 376 [•sagebrush vole 379 Family Muridae — non-native rats and mice Genus Rattus G. Fischer — Old World house rats Rattus rattus alexandrinus ( Geoffroy ) Rattus norvegicus norvegicus (Berken hout) Genus Mus Linnaeus — house mice Mus musculus subsp? Linnaeus Family Zapodidae — jumping mice and allies Genus Zapus Coues — jumping mice Zapus princeps cinereus Hall Zapus princeps utahensis Hall Alexandrine rat 382 Norway rat 383 house mouse 384 h ig jumpmg mouse 386 Family Erethizontidae — American porcupines Genus Erethizon F. Cuvier — North American porcupines Erethizon dorsatum epixanthum Brandt ) Erithizon dorsatum couesi Meams r P "P 389 28 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Order CARNIVORA— carnivores Family Canidae — foxes, coyotes and wolves coyotes and wolves Genus Canis Linnaeus Canis latrans lestes Merriam Canis latrans estor Merriam Canis lupus youngi Goldman wolf Genus Vulpes Oken — red foxes, kit foxes and swifts PAGE coyote 394 397 Vulpes fulva macroura Baird Vulpes macrotis nevadensis Goldman Genus Urocyon Baird — gray foxes Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii Meams Family Ursidae — bears Genus Ursus Linnaeus — bears Ursus horribilis utahensis Merriam Ursus americanus cinnamomum Au- dubon and Bachman Ursus americanus amblyceps Baird Family Procyonidae — raccoons and allies Genus Bassariscus Coues — ring-tailed cats Bassariscus astutus nevadensis Miller Bassariscus astutus arizonensis Goldman red fox 399 kit fox 402 gray fox 404 grizzly bear 407 •black bear 408 ring-tailed cat 411 Genus Procyon Storr — raccoons Procyon lotor pallidus Merriam raccoon 413 Family Mustelidae — weasels and allies Genus Mustela Linnaeus — weasels, ferrets and minks Mustela erminea muricus ( Bangs ) Mustela frenata nevadensis Hall Mustela vison energumenos ( Bangs ) Mustela nigripes (Audubon and Bachman ) Genus Martes Pinel — martens and fisher Martes caurina origenes (Rhoads) Martes pennanti columhiana Goldman Genus Culo Pallas — wolverines Gulo luscus luscus (Linnaeus) Genus Taxidea Waterhouse — American badger Taxidea taxus taxus (Schreber) ) Taxidea taxus berlandieri Baird j-badger . Genus Mephitis Geoffroy and Cuvier — striped skunks Mephitis mephitis major (Howell) Mephitis mephitis hudsonica Richardson Mephitis mephitis estor Merriam ermine 416 long-tailed weasel 417 mink 419 black-footed ferret 421 western marten 422 fisher 424 wolverine 425 426 ■striped skunk 429 Check-list of Mammals of Utah 29 Genus Spilogale Gray — spotted skunks page Spilogale gracilis saxatilis Merriam ) ., j i i a on J^ ., , .,. i- x, • ^spotted skunk 432 Spilogale gracilis gracilis Memam ^ Genus Lutra Brisson — river otters Lutra canadensis nexa Goldman river otter 434 Family Felidae — cats Genus Lynx Kerr — lynxes and bobcats Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr Canada lynx 438 Lynx rufus pallescens Merriam Ik V, f 441 Lynx rufus baileyi Merriam Genus Felis Linnaeus — true cats I' Felis concolor hippolestes Merriam 1 Felis concolor kaibabensis Nelson and [-mountain lion 444 Goldman J Order ARTIODACTYLA— even-toed ungulates Family Cervidae — deer and allies Genus Cervus Linnaeus — wapiti Cervus canadensis nelsoni Bailey wapiti 453 Genus Odocoileus Rafinesque — black-tailed and white-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus hemionus ( Rafinesque) mule deer 455 Genus Alces Gray — ^moose Alces americanus shirasi Nelson moose 461 Family Antilocapridae — prong-horned antelope Genus Antilocapra Ord — prong-homed antelope Antilocapra americana americana (Ord) prong-homed antelope . . . 462 Family Bovidae — cattle, sheep, goats and allies Genus Bison Hamilton-Smith — American bison Bison bison bison ( Linnaeus ) bison 464 Genus Ovis Linnaeus — sheep Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw mountain sheep 466 30 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES Key to Orders of Mammals in Utah l.-Forelimbs modified as flight organs; elongated fingers longer than fore- arm and supporting a membraneous wing Chiroptera (Bats), p. 38 I'.-Forehmbs not modified as flight organs; fingers shorter than forearm and not supporting a membraneous wing. 2.-Upper incisors present; feet provided with claws. 3.-Tooth-rows continuous, no diastemae, that is, no spaces devoid of teeth as long as first molar; canines present. 4.-Canine teeth approximately same size as teeth on either side of them; middle incisors largest; snout long. Insectivora (Shrews), p. 30 4'.-Canine teeth larger than teeth on either side of them; in- cisors of approximately the same size. Camivora (Flesh eaters), p. 392 3'.-Tooth-rows with large diastemae ( spaces devoid of teeth, longer than lower first molar); canines absent. 5.-Incisors 2 above and 2 below. Rodentia (Rodents), p. 92 5'.-Incisors 4 above and 2 below. Lagomorpha (Rabbits, Hares), p. 66 2'.-Upper incisors absent; feet provided with hooves. Artiodactyla (Deer, Sheep, etc.), p. 452 Order INSECTIVORA Insectivores Genus Sorex Linnaeus Long-tailed Shrews Small mammals ( averaging less in size than mice ) , nose long and pointed, mouth markedly subterminal, eyes minute, pelage velvet- like, ears well developed, but hidden in fur, bones of skull coa- lesced in adults, zygomatic arches lacking, caudal margin of palate truncate, tooth rows continuous (no diastema) and teeth with high cusps, first incisors enlarged in both jaws, teeth unicuspidate from II to P3, and il to ml, dental formula, i. f, c. i, p. f, m. f. The genus Sorex is represented in Utah by four kinds, belonging to four full species. Key to Species of Sorex in Utah 1. -Total length usually less than 130; hind foot not fimbriated, less than 17. 2.-Third unicuspid tooth smaller than fourth. 3.-Tail usually less than 44; interorbital breadth less than 3.3, Sorex vagrans, p. 31 3'.-Tail usually more than 44; interorbital breadth more than 3.3, Sorex obscurus, p. 34 Shrews 31 2'.-Third unicuspid tooth not smaller than fourth Sorex merriami, p. 31 1 '.-Total length usually more than 130; hind foot fimbriated, more than 17 Sorex palustris, p. 35 Sorex merriami leucogenys Osgood Merriam Shrew Sorex leucogenys Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 22:52, April 17, 1909, type from mouth of the canyon of Beaver River approximately 3 miles east of Beaver, Beaver County, Utah; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12): 15, June, 1927. Sorex merriami leucogenys, Benson and Bond, Joum. Mamm., 20:348, Au- gust 14, 1939. Range. — Known only from the type locahty and War God Spring, San Juan County. Description and comments. — Osgood (1909a:53) gives the following meas- inrements of the type: Total length, 107; length of tail, 38; length of hind foot, 12.5. Color: Upper parts pale Hair Brown grading through Light Drab on flanks to nearly white on underparts; chin, lips and sides of face below eyes pale OUve-Buff; feet white, tinged with Light Buff; tail markedly bi- colored. Drab dorsally, white ventraUy and tipped with white. Skull: Brain- case rising abruptly in frontal region; unicuspid tooth rows diverging poste- riorly; third unicuspid not smaller than fourth; posterior margin of infraorbital foramen anterior to, or in a plane with, interspace between Ml and M2. Compared with Sorex merriami merriami, of more northern dis- tribution, which may occur in Utah although no specimen has been recorded to date, S. m. leucogenys is larger, of same color, has a larger skull, more vaulted braincase and less nearly parallel uni- cuspid tooth rows. Six of the ten known specimens, including the holotype, of the subspecies are from Utah. Although recorded from only two lo- calities in Utah, the known distribution of the species S. merriami outside the state would indicate a state wide distribution for it and possibly for the subspecies S. m. leucogenys. Specimens examined. — Total, 5, from: San Juan County: War God Spring, 8,400 ft, 5 (M. V.Z.). Additional record (Osgood, 1909:52). — Beaver County: Mouth of Beaver Canyon, 3 mi. E Beaver. Sorex vagrans monticola Merriam Vagrant Shrew Sorex monticolus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 3:43, September 11, 1890, type from San Francisco Mountain, 11,500 ft., Coconino County, Arizona. Sorex vagrans monticola Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:69, December 31, 1895; Jackson, N. Amer. Fauna, 51:110, July 24, 1928; Warren, The mammals of Colorado, Univ. Oklahoma Press, p. 9, 1942; Hayward, The Great Basin Nat., 6:109, November 15. 1945. 32 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Sorex vagrans dobsoni Merriam, N. Amer, Fauna, 10:69, December 31, 1895 (The name Sorex dobsoni was proposed by Merriam, N. Amer. Favma, 5:33, July 30, 1891, with type from Altimas or Sawtooth Lake, east base of Sawtooth Mountains, 7,200 ft., Blaine County, Idaho, but now is regarded as a synonym of Sorex monticolus Merriam); Warren, The mammals of Colorado, The Knickerbocker Press, p. 264, 1910; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12):11, June, 1927. Sorex dobsoni, Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 153, April, 1922. Range. — State-wide in mountain ranges and adjacent valleys. 43 39 3S 37 SPECIMEN EXAMINED OTHER RECORD 113 112 Fig. 1. Distribution of Sorex vagrans monticola. Shrews • • 33 Description and comments. — Average and extreme measurements of 4 males, and measurements of 2 females numbers 4232 and 4416, from one mile west of Draper, 4,500 feet, Salt Lake County, are, respectively, as follovi's: Total length, 114 (119-102), 112, 109; length of tail, 36 (39-34), 39, 34; length of hind foot, 12 (13-12), 14, 13; length of ear, 5 (5-6), 5, 4. Color: Upper parts brown grading over sides and flanks through Drab to Pinkish Buff on underparts; tail bicolored, brown above. Pinkish Buff below. Skull: Small; rostnmi narrow; third unicuspid tooth not larger than fourth (in some speci- mens nearly same size); unicuspid teeth small and weak; narrow interorbitally. The only subspecies known from Utah is S. v. monticola. Com- paring only specimens from Utah, S. v. monticola is difficult to dis- tinguish from Sorex obsctirus, but diflFers in: Tail shorter; color usually darker; rostrum shorter and narrower; braincase a trifle more vaulted; palate narrower and shorter; interorbital breadth rela- tively narrower; teeth smaller, especially unicuspids, and protoconid of ml. Sorex V. monticola and Sorex o. obscurus occur in the same areas in the Wasatch and Uinta mountains and at Brian Head in Iron County. Otherwise all of the S. v. monticola were taken at eleva- tions lower than S. obscunis which is known only from the high mountain country. S. v. monticola occurs in valleys and marshes and has been taken in a far wider range of ecological conditions than has S. obscurus. Four specimens from Queen of Sheba Canyon, on the west side of the Deep Creek Mountains are not typical and appear to be intergrades between S. v. monticola and Sorex vagrans amoenus. The majority of the characters are more as in S, v. monticola. Specimens examined. — Total, 43, distributed as follows: Boxelder County: S Fork George Creek, 5 mi. SE Yost, 6,700 ft.. Raft River Mountains, 1. Davis County: Mueller Park, 1. Salt Lake County: City Creek Canyon, 6 mi. NE Salt Lake City, 4,600 ft., 2; ?» mi. above Forks, City Creek Canyon, 2; 1 mi. above mouth City Creek Cayon, 4,600 ft., 1; Salt Lake City, Ft. Douglas Reser- vation, 4,500 ft., 6; University of Utah Campus, Salt Lake City, 4,500 ft., 1; mouth of Emigration Canyon, S'A mi. SE Salt Lake City, 4; Salamander Lake, head Lambs Canyon, 9,000 ft., 1; Copper Lakes, TM mi. SW Salt Lake City, 1 (C. M. N. H.); Brighton, Silver Lake Post Office, 8,750 ft, Big Cottonwood Canyon, 2; Draper, 4,500 ft., 4; 1 mi. W Draper, 4,500 ft., 8; 132 mi. SW Draper, 4,500 ft., 1. Summit County: SW Slope Bald Peak, Uinta Mountains, 10,500 ft., 1 ( M. V. Z. ). Wasatch County: Midway, 5,600 ft., 1. Juab County: Queen of Sheba Canyon, W side Deep Creek Mountains, 5,600 ft., 4. Iron County: Mammoth Summit, Brian Head, 11,000 ft., 2 (M. V. Z.). Additional records (Jackson, 1928:113). — Boxelder County: Mouth of Bear River. Weber County: Ogden. Salt Lake County: Midvale. Utah County: Provo, near shore of Utah Lake. 2—4980 34 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Sorex obscurus obscurus Merriam Dusky Shrew Sorex obscurus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:72, December 31, 1895 (re- naming of similis Merriam), type from near Timber Creek, Lemhi Moun- tains, 10 miles west of Junction, 8,200 feet, Lemhi County, Idaho; War- ren, The mammals of Colorado, Knickerbocker Press, p. 264, 1910; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 155, April, 1922. Sorex vagrans similis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5:34, July 31, 1891 (not similis of Hensel, 1855). Sorex obscurus obscurus. Miller, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull., 79:15, December 31, 1912; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12): 12, June, 1927; Jackson, N. Amer. Fauna, 51:117, July 24, 1928; Warren, The mammals of Colorado, Univ. Oklahoma Press, p. 10, 1942. 42 42 40 3» 30 37 -40 • SPEOMeN eXAM/NED ▲ OTHER RECORD 3« -3a -37 113 • 12 l» 10* Fig. 2. Distribution of Sorex obscurus obscurus. Shrews 35 Range. — All the high mountains of the state, with the possible exception of the Deep Creek and Raft River mountains. Description and comments. — The measurements of one female, number 707, from Mirror Lake, 10,000 ft., Duchesne County, are as follows: Total length, 104; length of tail, 43; length of hind foot, 11; length of ear, 6. Color: Upper parts Hair Brown mixed with gray, paling over sides to Pale Smoke Gray overlaid with Light Buff on underparts; tail bicolored, lighter below; feet white. Skull: Braincase moderately inflated; palate and rostrum long; denti- tion moderately heavy; protoconid of ml well developed. This shrew is the only member of the species Sorex obscurus known to occur in Utah. Superficially it resembles Sorex vagrans monticola. Differences between the two are given in the account of the latter form. Specimens examined. — Total, 42, distributed as follows: Summit Counttf: Smith and Morehouse Canyon, 7,000 ft., 1. Daggett County: Junction Deep and Carter Creeks, 7,900 ft., 1. Duchesne County: Mirror Lake, 10,000 ft., 2. Uintah County: Paradise Park, 10,000 ft., Uinta Mountains, 7; Junction Trout Creek and Ashley Creek, 9,700 ft., 1. Salt Lake County: Salamander Lake, head Lambs Canyon, 9,000 ft., 3; The Firs, Millcreek Canyon, 7,000 ft., 1; Brighton, Big Cottonwood Canyon, 8,685 ft., 14; Butterfield Canyon, 3 mi. SW Butter- field Tunnel, 7,000 ft., 1. Grand County: Warner R. S., La Sal Mountains, 9,700 ft., 2. Sanpete County: Mt. Baldy R. S., Manti National Forest, 9,600 ft., 1. Garfield County: Wildcat R. S., Boulder Mountain, 8,700 ft., 7; 18 mi. N Escalante, 9,500 ft., 1. Additional records (Jackson, 1928:122, unless otherwise indicated). — Wa- satch County: Current Creek, Uinta Mountains; Wasatch Mountains. Sanpete County: Manti. Sevier County: Fish Lake Plateau. Grand County: La Sal Mountains, 11,000 ft. Beaver County: Puffer Lake, Beaver Mountains. Iron County: Brian Head, Parowan Mountains; Cedar Breaks (listed as occurring, no specimen listed, Presnall, 1938:6). Washington County: Pine Valley Moun- tains, 8,300 ft. Sorex palustris navigator (Baird) Water Shrew Neosorex navigator Baird, Report Pacific R. R. Survey, 8, pt. 1, Mammals, p. 11, 1857, type from near head of Yakima River, Cascade Mountains, Washington; Warren, The mammals of Colorado, Knickerbocker Press, p. 266, 1910; Warren, The mammals of Colorado, Univ. Oklahoma Press, p. 11, 1942. Sorex palustris navigator, Stephens, California mammals, p. 254, June, 1906; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12): 13, June, 1927; Jackson, N. Amer. Fauna, 51:184, July 24, 1928. Sorex (Neosorex) palustris navigator, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:92, December 31, 1895. Neosorex palustris navigator, Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 157, April, 1922. Range. — Nearly all permanent streams in mountainous areas. Description and comments. — Average and extreme measurements of 4 adult males and 4 adult females from City Creek Canyon, Salt Lake County, are respectively as follows: Total length, 145 (150-138), 133 (142-127); length of tail, 68 (70-65), 66 (72-62); length of hind foot, 19 (20-15), 19 (20-18); length of ear, 4 (4-4), 5 (6-4). Inner margin of hind feet fimbriated. Color: Upper parts Mouse Gray with numerous white-tipped hairs, giving a salt and 36 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. 42 40 39- 3S ! 37 SPECIMEN EXAMINED r T- ▲ OTHER RECORD 112 109 Fig. 3. Distribution of Sorex palustris navigator. pepper appearance, extent of white sometimes gives a silvery sheen to pelage; more brownish in summer; underparts, lips, and chin Pale Smoke Gray, hairs tipped with white, or Pale Olive-Buff; tail bicolored, blackish brown above, white below, white extending nearly to tip; tip white in some specimens. Skull: Flat, braincase rising but little above dorsal margin of rostrum; inter- orbital breadth actually as well as relatively narrow; dentition relatively weak; posterior margins of molariform teeth markedly emarginate. This shrew is the largest insectivore in the state. It is further distinguished from all other members of its genus, within the state, Shrews 37 by its grizzled salt and pepper appearance and markedly fimbriated hind feet. City Creek Canyon, immediately north of the state capitol build- ing has yielded many specimens. My observations show them to be perfectly at home on the water, in the water and under the water. All specimens that I have trapped were at the edge of the water. Specimens examined. — Total, 34, distributed as follows: Boxelder County: Pine Canyon, 6,600 ft., Raft River Mountains, 2 (M. V. Z.). Salt Lake County: City Creek Canyon, 19; Ft. Douglas Reservation, 4,500 ft., 2; mouth of Emigration Canvon, 1. Summit County: SW Slope Bald Peak, Uinta Moun- tains 10,500 ft., 2 (M. V. Z.). Daggett County: Carter Creek, 9,000 ft, 1. Sanpete County: Mammoth R. S., Manti National Forest, 2. Grand County: Warner R. S., 9,700 ft.. La Sal Mountains, 5. Additional records (Jackson, 1928:188, unless otherwise indicated). — Salt Lake County: Wasatch Mountains; Barclay. Summit County: Park City. Daggett County: Beaver Creek, 8,450 ft., (Svihla, 1931:258). Wasatch County: Current Creek, Uinta Forest. Sevier County: Fishlake Plateau; Clear Creek. Beaver County: Puffer Lake; Beaver (Long, 1940:172); 4 mi. E Beaver, 6,500 feet (Long, loc. cit.). Iron County: Brian Head, Parowan Mountains; Cedar Breaks (Presnall, 1938:6); Cedar City (Long, loc. cit.). Garfield County: Kaiparowits Plateau (Tanner, 1940a: 111). Washington County: Pine Valley; Zion National Park (Presnall and Hall, 1936:211); Springdale, 3,850 feet (Presnall and Hall, loc. cit.). Table 1 Cranial Measurements of Sorex ^3. Si J3 ^ ■oj M ..J ja 2 01 J3 -a j3 'O Z. ^^ u o3 i3 « a fc —^ .a "0 ^ O O M Name and Locality er of ii aged c ber c3 c .2 3 .a O b o3 1 .^ S S ">, "cS is o -^ 3 s|i T3 C2 i3 '3 'S '3 ^ 3 !S C X Q S -S a C3 Is 0) o o a S S ^ S. m. leucogenya 157952 type USNM 9 7.0 8.4 3.7 5.2 7.4 (Osgood, 1909a ;53) iS. V. monticola 1 mi. W Draper 4 av. . . cf 15.8 6.3 8 1 3 1 4 6 6.0 2 1 mi. W Draper max . . . cf 16.0 7.0 8.4 3.2 4.7 6.4 2 1 mi. W Draper min cf 15.6 5.7 7.8 3.0 4.5 5.8 2 1 mi. W Draper 4232... 9 15.9 6.4 8.2 3.2 5.0 5.9 3 1 mi. W Draper 4416... 9 15.9 6.4 8.1 3.1 4.8 5.8 1 S. 0. obscurxis Mirror Lake 707.... 9 17.2 7.2 8.5 3.4 5.1 7.1 1 S. p. navigator City Creek Canyon 4 av. . . cf 19.7 8.4 9.9 3.8 5.9 7.6 2 City Creek Canyon max. . . & 19.7 8.5 10.0 3.9 6.1 7.7 2 City Creek Canyon min cf 19.6 8.3 9.7 3.7 5.6 7.3 2 City Creek Canyon 4 av. . . 9 19.7 8.4 9.3 3.8 5.8 7.4 2 City Creek Canyon max. . . 9 20.1 8.6 9.3 3.9 6.1 8.0 2 City Creek Canyon min. . . . 9 19.0 8.3 9.3 3.7 5.4 7.2 2 * 1, unworn; 2, moderately worn; 3, well worn. 38 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Order CHIROPTERA Bats The only mammals capable of sustained flight. The bones of the arms and particularly of the hands greatly elongated for sup- port of flight membrane, a double layered extension of the body integument, which is further attached to hind legs and tail. Calcar and clavicle well developed; sternum keeled; thumb free and clawed; knee joint directed backwards and outward; toes free, five in number and with curved claws; ulna markedly reduced; tragus well developed; eyes minute; dentition tuberculosectorial; molars with W-shaped pattern of cusps. All bats from Utah belong to the suborder Microchiroptera. The nineteen kinds known to occur within the state represent two fami- lies, nine genera and seventeen full species. Key to Bats of Utah l.-Tail projecting conspicuously beyond interfemoral membrane; fifth finger markedly shortened; anterior margin of palate emarginate. Molossidae I'.-Tail not projecting conspicuously beyond interfemoral membrane; fifth finger not markedly shortened; anterior margin of palate rounded or truncate Vespertilionidae Molossidae l.-No pocket in membrane at angle of femur and tibia; second phalanx of fourth finger more than 5; lower incisors 2 or 3 on each side; ears shortened not extending markedly beyond muzzle when laid forward. Tadarida mexicana, p. 63 r.-Pocket present in membrane at angle of femur and tibia; second pha- lanx of fourth finger less than 5; lower incisors 2 on each side; ears extending markedly beyond muzzle when laid forward. Tadarida molossa, p. 63 Vespertilionidae 1. -Dorsal surface of interfemoral membrane heavily furred; ears short and round. 2.-Upper incisors one on each side; dorsal coloration reddish or brown- ish, the hairs tipped with white. 3.-Size large; upper parts grayish (frosted); ears with black rim. Lasiurus cinereus, p. 56 3' .-Size medium; upper parts reddish; ear without black rim. Lasiurus borealis, p. 56 2' .-Upper incisors two on each side; dorsal coloration blackish the hairs tipped with white Lasionycteris noctivagans, p. 50 Bats 39 I'.-Dorsal surface or interfemoral membrane not densely furred; ears usually pointed. 4.-Ear long, more than 25 from notch. 5.-Ears joined by membrane across forehead; three white spots on black dorsal surface . Euderma maculatum, p. 59 5'.-Ears not joined by membrane across forehead; dorsal sur- face never black and white. 6.-Length of ear from notch more than Ji the length of forearm; a distinct, large, clublike excrescence on each side of rostrum Corynorhinus rafinesquii, p. 58 6 '.-Length of ear from notch less than Vi the length of forearm; no clublike excrescence on rostrum. Antrozous pallidus, p. 60 4'.-Ear less than 25 from notch. 7.-Length of tragus usually less than Js the length of ear from notch Pipistrellus hesperus, p. 51 7'. -Length of tragus usually more than H the length of ear from notch. 8.-Tragus broadly rounded at tip; teeth 32. Eptesicus fuscus, p. 53 S'.-Tragus usually long, slender and sharply pointed; teeth 38 Myotis, p. 40 Genus Myotis L-Foot small, 7 or less. 2.-Hairs on back with long, shiny tips, giving a burnished appearance; third metacarpal shorter than forearm Myotis suhulatus, p. 48 2'.-Hairs on back dull-tipped; third metacarpal as long as forearm. Myotis calif omicus, p. 46 I'.-Foot large, 8 or more. 3.-Under side of wing furred to elbow; ratio of foot to length of tibia less than 41 Myotis volans, p. 44 3' .-Under side of wing not furred to elbow; ratio of foot to length of tibia 48-60. 4.-Ear relatively long, 16 or more Myotis evotis, p. 43 4'.-Ear relatively short, less than 16. 5.-Length of forearm more than 42 Myotis velifer, p. 43 5'.-Length of forearm less than 40. 6.-Length of forearm 33-37; total length usually less than 80; dorsal hairs dull-tipped. Myotis yumanensis, p. 42 6'.-Length of forearm 37-40; total length usually more than 80; dorsal hairs bronzy-tipped. ' """' "V. ' Myotis lucifugus, p. 40 40 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Myotis lucifugus carissima Thomas Big Myotis Myotis (Leuconoe) carissima Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (ser. 7) 13:383, May, 1904, type from Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Myotis lucifugus carissima. Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:50, May 25, 1928; Hardy, Journ. Mamm., 22:289, August 14, 1941. Myotis lucifugus longicrus, Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 163, April, 1922. Range. — The known areas of occurrence in Utah are from Utah, Davis, Salt Lake, Uintah, Boxelder and Wayne counties. 42 39 38 37 SPEC/MEN EXAMINED r "'1 — A OTHER RECORD j_ _L 113 no Fig. 4. Distribution of Myotis lucifugus. 1. M. I. carissima. 2. M. I. phasma. Bats 41 Description and comments. — Average and extreme measurements of 7 fe- males from mouth of Bear River, Boxelder County, are as follows: Total length, 83 (90-79); length of tail, 36 (40-31); length of hind foot, 8.3 (9.0-8.0); length of ear from meatus, 13.5 (14.5-12.0); length of forearm, 38.5 (39.0- 37.5) (Miller and Allen, 1928:52); foot large, more than half as long as tibia; ears reaching nostril when laid forward. Color: Upper parts with gold-tipped hairs, base of hairs plumbeous; general over-all color Cinnamon-Buff; shoulder spots Ochraceous-Tawny; membranes pale-edged; underparts Cartridge Buff; ears, feet and proximal parts of membranes black. Skull: Small; rostrum short; braincase subcircular; tooth formula i. f, c. \, p. |, m. f. Myotis I. carissima diflFers from Myotis lucifugus phasma in more golden-color, black, instead of brown, ears and proximal parts of membranes; smaller foot; and shorter thumb. Miller and Allen (1928:52) hst specimens from Boxelder, Davis and Utah counties. In their account of Myotis I. phasma (1928:53) they mention two specimens from Bear River, Boxelder County, which . . . "seem better referred to carissima." According to their distribution map (op. cit. :S8) these two kinds of bats may in- tergrade in Boxelder County; but no specimens are available to show this. To date, the most southerly known record of occurrence of M. I. carissima in Utah was from Provo, Utah County (Miller and Allen, 1928:52). Six specimens in the collections of the Depart- ment of Vertebrate Zoology, University of Utah, now show the range of this subspecies to extend 125 miles farther south into Wayne County. These animals from Wayne County have darker (more golden) color on the upper parts and the proximal parts of the membranes and ears are darker than in the one specimen of M. L phasma that I have seen and the specimens are here referred to M . I. carissima. Specimens examined. — Total, 12, distributed as follows: Boxelder County: Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, 1. Salt Lake County: Salt Lake City, 4,300 ft, 2; Silver Lake Post OfBce (Brighton), 8,750 ft., 2. Uintah County: Willow Creek, 5,250 ft., 25 mi. S Ouray, 1. Wayne County: Donkey Lake, Boulder Mountain, 10,000 ft., 6. Additional records (Miller and Allen, 1928:52). — Davis County: Bountiful. Utah County: Provo. Myotis lucifugus phasma Miller and Allen Big Myotis Myotis lucifugus pliasma Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:53, May 25, 1928, type from Snake River, south of Sunny Peak, Routt County, Colorado; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:289, August 14, 1941. Range. — Recorded only from Juab County. Description and comments. — Measurements of a male, number 1418, from Burriston are: Total length, 88; length of tail, 29; length of hind foot, 15; length of tragus, 8; length of forearm, 38.2. Color: Hairs on upper parts 42 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. somewhat tricolored, plumbeous at base, followed by Ochraceous-BuflF, and Light Buff terminally; coat characteristically pinkish, with gold sheen, owing to light colored tips of hairs; shoulder spots pale Cinnamon; muzzle, ears, feet and membranes brownish; posterior edge of wings and median distal inter- femoral membranes white; underparts white, with wash of pale buff. Skull: as in Myotis lucifugus carissima. For comparison with M. /. carissima, see account of that sub- species. M. /. phasma closely resembles Myotis yumanensis in color, but has longer hair with glossy, instead of non-glossy tips, longer wings and a more nearly flat skull. In the original description of M. /. phasma. Miller and Allen noted that "Its presence in southern Utah can not be doubted, but no specimens are at hand." Subsequently Hardy (1941:289) obtained specimens at Burriston, from a deserted building. Specimen examined. — One from Burriston, Juab County. Myotis yumanensis yumanensis (H. Allen) Yuma Myotis Vespertilio yumanensis H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 165:58, June, 1864, type from right side of Colorado River, Old Fort Yuma, Imperial Valley, California. Myotis yumanensis. Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:66, October 16, 1897; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 158, April, 1922. Myotis yumanensis yumanensis, Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12): 17, June, 1927; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:289, August 14, 1941. Range. — The only definite records are from Washington County. See fig- ure 17. Description and comments. — A female, number 5553 K.U., from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, has the following measurements: Total length, 80; length of tail, 35; length of hind foot, 9.4; length of ear, 13.4; length of tragus, 7.0. Color: Upper parts pale buff, hairs nearly Fuscous for basal half; underparts Cartridge Buff, basal part of hairs like those of dorsal surface; posterior ventral surface with white hairs; membranes pale brown; edge of interfemoral mem- brane and tip of tail white. Skull: Similar to Myotis lucifugus, but smaller throughout. For comparison, see account under M. /. phasma. Miller (1897:67) lists one specimen of Myotis y. yumanensis from Provo, Utah County, and Hardy (1941:289) cites this occur- rence without comment. However, in the revision by Miller and Allen (1928:52) no specimen of this form is listed from Utah, and one specimen from Provo is listed as Myotis lucifugus carissima. In fact this is the only specimen of any kind of Myotis recorded in the revisionary paper by Miller and Allen (1928) from Provo. Probably there was only one specimen which at different times was assigned to two different species, latterly to M. /. carissima. The two species of Myotis concerned, M. lucifugus and M. yumanensis. Bats 43 are easily confused. It appears from the distribution of the known specimens and from the probable reassignment of the Provo speci- men that M. y. yumanensis occurs in only the extreme southern part of the state. Records of occurrence (Hardy, 1941:289). — Washington County: Apex mine; St. George. Myotis velifer incautus (J. A. Allen) House Bat Vespertilio sp., J. A. Allen, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 8:71, April 22, 1896, type from San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. Vespertilio incautus, J. A. Allen, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 8:239, November 21, 1896. Myotis velifer incautus. Miller and Allen, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull., 144:92, May 25, 1928; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:290, August 14, 1941. Range. — Recorded only from Thistle Valley. Description and comments. — "Size maximum for the species and for the American members of the genus . . ., greatest length of skull 15.8 to 17.6 . . .; color palhd" (Miller and Allen, 1928:93). Record of occurrence (Miller and Allen, 1928:93). — Utah County: Thistle Valley, 2 young specimens not seen by the present writer. Myotis evotis evotis (H, Allen) Long-eared Myotis Vespertilio evotis H. Allen, Sinithsonian Misc. Coll., 165:48, June, 1864 (part), type from Monterey, California (fide Dalquest, 1943:2). Myotis evotis, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:77, October 16, 1897; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 165, April, 1922; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12): 19, June, 1927. Myotis evotis chrysonotus. Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:290, August 14, 1941. Range. — Recorded only from eastern and southern Utah. See figure 17. Description and comments. — Measurements of an unsexed specimen, num- ber 656, from Zion National Park are: Total length, 85; length of tail, 40; length of hind foot, 9; length of ear, 19 (dry); length of tragus, 9 (dry); length of forearm, 38. Color: Upperparts golden brown; ears long and black, extending beyond nose when laid forward; underparts nearly white, hairs washed with Light Bujff; membranes dark brown. This long eared, small bat is apparently nowhere common, and usually is found singly. In Utah, it has been taken at only four places of which three are in the extreme southern part of the state but record stations of occurrence outside the state (Davis, 1939:114; Warren, 1942:20; and Hall, 1946:138) indicate that the species occurs throughout Utah in appropriate habitat. Specimens examined. — Total, 3, distributed as follows: Uintah County: Willow Creek, 5,250 ft., 25 mi. S Ouray, 1. Washington County: Zion Na- tional Park, 1. San Juan County: Verdure, 1. Additional record (Hardy, 1941:290). — Washington County: St. George. 44 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. 114 113 112 Ml no 109 42 ' "If miiiiii 1 1 1 1 It ' -42 P ; d' 1 1 25 25 50 — M ^ r 1 75 \ ^\ WtA ■ ■.■„'., '. MILES . \ ..i::: ;■•. 41 ' 1 1 _^Y-^=-:;:",,f ill W ■''■'] . ' 1 mi.'- - " 1 ,.■.,',.,,•-:■■■'■■ "■■■'■■' 1 i 1 ■ ■ > 0' ' 40 i i 'i ■ 1 ;::::: [; ,„ > , ' V,,,,. ;;„„.,.. (. ' 1 ■■■■0 , _ -40 1 1 39 J 1 * I- ■ ■■'■ ■■■...■''..., 1,, ::::: ,,,.::'' 1 ' »_ _ 39 1 38 ' I' ■■■ III L-38 i 1 37 I '^ pill III M^_37 1 • SPECIMEN EXAMINED i 1 A OTHER RECORD 1 1 1 114 113 112 III no 109 Fig. 5. Distribution of Mijotis evotis evotis. Myotis volans interior Miller Haiiy- winged Myotis Myotis longicrus interior Miller, Proc. Biol. See. Washington, 27:211, Octo- ber 31, 1914, type from Twining, Taos County, New Mexico (fide Mil- ler and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:143, May 25, 1928). Myotis volans interior. Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:142, May 25, 1928; Benson, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:448, December 31, 1935; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:290, August 14, 1941; Hayward, Great Basin Nat., 6:109, November 15, 1945. Range. — Recorded only from Boxelder, Utah, San Juan and Carbon coun- ties. Bats 45 114 113 112 III no 109 42 1 II ' ■ 1 1 (iufntMiifiiKiiiiilnnffliii 1 1 ' .-« i ■. •i J ,, 25 25 50 75 MILES L i% ff ' " ■"■ 41 Lr'^'x' 1 tJ'' 1 inrni mm m idmmm\ ^wd- -*' liW--.' \ 1 i| ,, '" ' * TT' ' ' ' r'' "''■,'■, i 1 40 — _ -i 4 ::'" 1, 1 1 1 '■■'■ ■•! _ -40 39 j - J 1 ... ■ .' ^ i;'fl '■■■■■; ,: ,,' ., _ -39 1 j ' .■'■'■ ^ ■ •' '' ' ' ( ■. ' ■■""■'■ '... ,' 1 • • 38 t 1 I 1 L_38 i • 37 : Ml ..,1 1 r '■' ' if ,1 ■ ■r-37 1 • SPEC/MEN EXAM/NED 1 1 ▲ OTHE/? RECORD 1 1 1 114 113 112 III no 109 Fig. 6. Distribution of Myotis volans interior. Description and comments. — Measurements of the type, a male, number 133426 U. S. N. M. are: Total length, 91; length of tail, 38.2; length of hind foot, 8.0; length of forearm, 38.0 (Miller and Allen, 1928:146). Ears short and blunt, barely reaching end of nose when laid forward; calcar distinctly keeled; underside of wing furred to level of elbow. Color: Upper parts Ochraceous-Buff to Ochraceous-Tawny, hairs black at base; underparts pale bufF, hairs black at base; ears and membranes black. Skull: Small, hght; rostrum short; braincase elevated; occiput high. Specimens examined. — Total, 8, distributed as follows: Boxelder County: George Creek, TA mi. SE Yost, Raft River Mountains, 6,500 ft., 2; 5 mi. S Yost, Raft River Mountains, 4; Clear Creek, Raft River Mountains, 5 mi. SW Nafton] 46 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. 6,500 ft., 1. San Jaun County: "near" Rainbow Bridge National Monument, 1 (M.V. Z.). Additianal records. — Utah Countq: [probably] Mount Timpanogos (Hay- ward, 1945:66, 109). Carbon County: Price (Hardy, 1941:290). Myotis californicus stephensi Dalquest California Myotis Myotis californicus stephensi Dalquest, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 59:67, March 11, 1946, type from Vallecito, San Diego County, California. Myotis californicus, Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 162, April, 1922. Myotis californicus californicus, Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 ( no. 12 ) : 18, June, 1927. Myotis californicus pallidus. Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144: 157, May 25, 1928; Hardy, Journ. Mamm., 22:290, August 14, 1941. 42. 39 36 37- SPECIMEN EXAMINED A OTHER RECORD 38 113 112 Fig. 7. Distribution of Myotis californicus stephensi. Bats 47 Range. — Southern and eastern Utah. Description and comments. — Measurements of an adult male, number 161291 U. S. N. M., from Kanab, are as follows: Total length, 85; length of tail, 42; length of hind foot (dry), 6.7; length of ear (dry), 11.0; length of tragus (dry), 7.0. Tail long; foot small and slender; calcar keeled. Color: Upper parts with hairs tricolored, being plumbeous basally, followed by white band and tipped with Light Ochraceous-Buff ; hairs behind ears white to base; underparts nearly white or Light Buff. Skull: Delicate; rostrum long and tapering; forehead high and abrupt; braincase flat-topped; lambdoidal crest low. This subspecies may be easily confused with Myotis suhulatus melanorhinus and Myotis Iticifugtis carissima. From M, s. melano- rhinus, M. c. stephensi differs in smaller size, lighter ears and membranes, and smaller skull with higher and more abruptly rising forehead. From M. I. carissima, M. c. stephensi differs in smaller size, smaller hind foot, more ochraceous color, and markedly smaller, less robust skull. There are only six specimens of M. c. stephensi known from Utah, and they indicate that the range of this subspecies in Utah is in the drainage of the Colorado River south of the Book Cliffs. Owing to fading by preservation in formalin, of the three speci- mens, referable to the species Myotis californicus, available to Hardy, only one from St. George could be definitely assigned to M. c. pallidus [= stephensi] (Hardy, 1941:290). The specimen from Sunnyside, which is the most northerly known locality of occur- rence within the state, was assigned to M. c. pallidus [■=: stephensi] on basis of geographic probability (Hardy, loc. cit.). Although not having examined the animal from Sunnyside, I am inclined to accept the designation of Hardy, because from the now known distribution of the various subspecies of Myotis californicus only M. c. stephensi would be expected to occur as far north as Carbon County. Furthermore, other kinds of mammals, less mobile than bats, and known only from the drainage of the Colorado River, have been able to extend their ranges far northward in this part of Utah. Specimens referred to by Tanner (1927:250) and Hardy (1941:290) under the name Myotis californicus californicus, from Aspen Grove, Mount Timpanogos, Utah County, have been lost, according to Vasco M. Tanner {in Lift.) and hence I have been unable to verify the occurrence. Specimens examined. — Total, 3, distributed as follows: Washington County: Camp ground, Zion National Park, 4, 297 ft., 2. Kane Countii: Kanab, 1 (U.S.N.M.). Additional records (Hardy, 1941:290). — Carbon County: Sunnyside. Wash- ington County: St. George. 48 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Myotis subulatus subulatus (Say) Small-footed Myotis Vespertilio subulatus Say, Long's Exped. to Rocky Mountains, 2:65, 1823, type from Arkansas River, near La Junta, Otero County, Colorado. Myotis subulatus subulatus. Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:168, May 25, 1928; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:291, August 14, 1941. Range. — Recorded only from Carbon County. See figure 17. Description and comments. — Measurements of a male from Avalo, Colorado, number 203960 U.S.N.M., are: Total length, 75.6; length of tail, 37.0; length of hind foot, 6.2; length of ear from crown, 10.8; length of forearm, 33.8 (Miller and Allen, 1928:173). Color: Upper parts from Light BufiF to Warm Buff; outer base of ears and top of head white, tips of hairs washed with Light Buff; hairs on upper surface tri-colored, being plumbeous basally, nearly white in a middle band and buflE at tips; underparts Light Buff to nearly white; muzzle, ears and membranes, blackish. Skull: Slender, delicate, much as in Myotis californicus but longer, broader and rising much less abruptly in frontal region. The two specimens recorded by Hardy (1941:291) from Carbon County in the northeastern part of the state have not been examined by the present writer. Record of occurrence (Hardy, 1941:291). — Carbon County: Soldier Canyon. Myotis subulatus melanorhinus (Merriam) Small-footed Myotis Vespertilio melanorhinus Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 3:46, September 11, 1890, type from Little Spring, north base of San Francisco Mountain, 8,250 feet, Coconino County, Arizona. Myotis subulatus melanorhinus. Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:169, May 25, 1928; Woodbury, Ecol. Monogr., 3:174, April, 1933; Presnall, Zion-Bryce Mus. Bull., 2:6, January, 1938; Hardy, Journ. Mamm., 22:291, August 14, 1941; Fautin, Ecol. Monogr., 16:304, October, 1946. Range. — Known from Boxelder, Tooele, Emery, Grand, Washington, Kane and San Juan counties; limits of distribution unknown. Description and comments. — Measurements of 2 males, numbers 922 and 4424, from the Colorado River and Parrish Ranch respectively, are as follows: Total length, 80, 71; length of tail, 30, 35; length of hind foot, 9, 5; length of ear, 15, 11; length of tragus, 9, 6; length of forearm, 31, 31. Hind foot small, weak. Color: Upper parts Warm Buff, hairs plumbeous at base; top of head and base of ears buffy white; underparts Light Buff, hairs plumbeous at base; sides of face, muzzle, chin, tragus and ears blackish (lighter in some specimens). Skull: Small, delicate; forehead not abrupt, but sloping; brain- case flat. M. s. melanorhinus differs from Myotis subulatus subulatus in darker color throughout and more glossy back. Among the species of Myotis, M. californicus most closely re- sembles M. subulatus. Specimens of M. californicus may be dis- tinguished from those of M. subulatus by shorter thumb, smaller teeth, less flattened braincase, and non-glossy hair. Bats 49 One specimen from the Colorado River, 5 miles east of Moab, is not typical, but seems to be an intergrade between M. s. subulatus and M. s. melanorhinus. It is more pallid dorsally, and has paler ears, membranes and muzzle than M. s. melanorhinus. 42 39 38 37 39 38 — — liVAUfc fc At^A.a... • SPECIMEN EXAM/NED A OTHER RECORD J I I I I L 37 113 Fig. 8. Distribution of Myotis subulatus melanorhinus. Specimens examined. — Total, 7, distributed as follows: Boxelder County: Clear Creek, Raft River Mountains, 5 mi. SW Nafton, 6,500 ft., 1. Tooele County: Parrish Ranch, 5 mi. N Ibapah, 5,175 ft., 4. Grand County: Colo- rado River, 5 mi. E Moab, 5,000 ft., 1. San Juan County: Hatch's Trading Post, 25 mi. (air) SE Blanding, 4,500 ft., 1. Additional records (Hardy, 1941:291). — Emery County: Perron. Wash- ington County: St. George. Kane County: 4 mi. N Kanab. 50 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist, Lasionycteris noctivagans (LeConte) Silvery-haired Bat V[espertilio]. noctivagans LeConte, McMurtrie's Cuvier Animal Kingdom, 1:431, June, 1831, type from eastern United States. Lasionycteris noctivagans, Peters, Monatsber. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch., Berlin, 1865, p. 648; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 159, April, 1922; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12): 19, June, 1927; Tanner, Great Basin Nat., 1:104, June 30, 1940; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:291, August 14, 1941. Range. — Seemingly state-wide in distribution. 39 37 y^S^T]'?5^i^^:K■^cf'* ;. ' >' ■ ^V' ''*^ '• vf^,V.•^^ ->piVM:*Vul*. «*Mi\vliLL' fi.*i^ SPECIMEN EyAMINED OTHER RECORD 37 113 112 Fig. 9. Distribution of Lasionycteris noctivagans. Bats 51 Description and comments. — Measurements of a female, number 920, from 5 miles east of Moab are: Total length, 91; length of tail, 37; length of hind foot, 10; length of ear, 17; length of tragus, 8; length of forearm, 41.4. Dorsal surface of interfemoral membrane furred. Color: Black or dark brown, hairs tipped with white giving a salt and pepper appearance, white-tipped hairs more concentrated in middorsal region; white-tipped hairs absent from throat, muzzle and top of head. Skull: Broad and flat; rostrum markedly broad with reference to braincase; tooth formula, i.|, c.}, p.j, m.|. Specimens examined. — Total, 6, distributed as follows: Salt Lake County: Salt Lake City, 1. Utah County: W side Utah Lake, S Pelican Point, 1. Emery County: Green River at Gunnison Butte, 1; San Rafael River, 15 mi. SE Huntington, 5,200 ft., 1. Grand County: Colorado River, 5 mi. E Moab, 5,000 ft., 1. Kane County: Hamblin Ranch, Cave Lake Canyon, 5 mi. NW Kanab, 5,500 ft., 2. Additional records (Hardy, 1941:291). — Salt Lake County: Big Cotton- wood [Canyon]. Washington County: Leeds; St. George. Kane County: Kaiparowits Plateau (Tanner, 1940:104). Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus (H. Allen) Western Pipistrelle Scotophilus hesperus H. Allen, Bats N. America, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 165:43, June, 1864, type from right side of Colorado River, Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, CaUfomia. Pipistrellus hesperus. Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:88, October 16, 1897; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 161, April, 1922. Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus, Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12):21, June, 1927; Stanford, Journ. Mamm., 12:362, November 11, 1931; Ben- son, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:443, December 31, 1935; Hatfield, Journ. Mamm., 17:257, August 14, 1936; Presnall, Zion-Bryce Mus. Bull., 2:6, January, 1938; Tanner, Great Basin Nat., 1:104, June 30, 1940; Hardy, Journ. Mamm., 22:291, August 14, 1941. Vesperugo hesperus, J. A. Allen, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:83, 1893. Range. — Southern Utah and western Utah as far north as Tooele County. Description and comments. — Average and extreme measurements of 6 fe- males from 5 miles east of Moab Bridge are as follows: Total length, 72 (75-70); length of tail, 30 (32-27); length of hind foot, 7 (7-6); length of ear, 11 (11-10); length of tragus, 4 (4); length of forearm, 30.2 (31.3-29.6). Color: Upper parts dark gray with brownnish cast on top of head and around base of ears; underparts pale smoke gray, the hairs everywhere with plumbeous bases; ears, muzzle and membranes black. Skull: Small, delicate; rostrum wide; braincase vaulted (essentially a replica of that of Lasionycteris, but markedly smaller); tooth formula, i.f, c.f, p.f, m.f. In his revision of this group, Hatfield (1936:257) gave the distri- bution of this subspecies as extending across southern Utah as far east as Goodridge, San Juan County. Specimens now available show its range to extend northward to Tooele County in western Utah, and as far north in eastern Utah as Moab in Grand County. It probably is nearly statewide in distribution. On April 10 and 11, 1934, an interesting flight of bats was ob- 52 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. served on the Colorado River, 5 miles east of Moab, Grand County, Utah. Just before dusk there was a flight of Lasionycteris noctiva- gans over the Salix that grew along the stream. Shortly after this there was a second flight consisting of Pipistrellus h. hesperus of which 10 were collected. This second flight was followed by yet a 25 50 75 J SPECIMEN EXAMINED ▲ OTHER RECORD _J I I I L 112 Fig. 10. Distribution of Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus. third consisting of Mijotis. The Myotis flew just before and after dark and one Myotis subulatus melanorhinus was shot after dark. The Lasionycteris flew well above the trees; the numerous Pipistrel- Bats 53 lus flew mostly just above the water, while the Myotis generally flew above the higher brush and around the crowns of the trees. This large flight of Pipistrellus consisted of both males and females; 7 females and 3 males were collected. Specimens from the Old Lin- coln Highway in Tooele County were taken as they likewise flut- tered low over a water hole. Specimens examined. — Total, 53, distributed as follows: Tooele County: Old Lincoln Highway, 18 mi. SW Orr's Ranch in Skull Valley, 4,400 ft., 3. Grand County: 1 mi. E Highway 160, 6 mi. S Valley City, 3; 1 mi. E Highway 160, 10 mi. S Valley City, 4,000 ft., 1; Colorado River, 5 mi. E Moab Bridge, 10; mouth Nigger Bill Canyon, E side Colorado River, 4 mi. above Moab Bridge, 4,000 ft, 1. Emery County: 7 mi. N Greenriver, 4,100 ft., 1; 4 mi. N Greenriver, 1. Wayne County: Notom, 5,200 ft., 1. Washington County: Santa Clara Creek, 3 mi. SW St. George, 2,800 ft., 5; Beaverdam Wash, 8 mi. N Utah-Arizona Border, 2,800 ft., 3. San Juan County: Hatch Trading Post, Montezuma Creek, 25 mi. SE Blanding, 4,500 ft., 1; % mi. N Bluff, 4,500 ft., 7; Bluff, 1 (M. V. Z.); Goodridge, VA mi. S Mexican Hat, 13 (M. V. Z.); Rain- bow Bridge, 1 ( M. V. Z. ) ; Navajo Mtn. Trading Post, 5 mi. SE Navajo Mtn., 1 (M. V. Z.). Additional records (Hardy, 1941:291). — Garfield County: King Ranch, Henry Mountains. Kane County: Willow Springs Tank. San Juan County: Riverview. Eptesicus fuscus pallidas Young Big Brown Bat Eptesicus pallidus Young, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1908:408, October 2, 1908, type from Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado. Eptesicus fuscus pallidus. Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Hist., 79:62, December 31, 1912; Benson, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:448, December 31, 1935; Engels, Amer. Mid. Nat., 17:656, May, 1936; Presnall, Zion-Bryce Mus. Bull., 2:6, January, 1938; Hardy, Journ. Mamm., 22:292, August 14, 1941; Fautin, Ecol. Monogr., 16:304, October, 1946. Vesperus fuscus, J. A. Allen, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:83, April 28, 1893. Vespertilio fuscus. Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:98, October 16, 1897; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 161, April, 1922. Eptesicus fuscus fuscus, Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12): 22, June, 1927; Long, Journ. Mamm., 21:172, May 16, 1940. Eptesicus fuscus subsp., Stanford, Journ. Mamm., 12:363, November 11, 1931. Range. — State-wide in distribution. Description and comments. — Average and extreme measurements of 4 males and measurements of 3 females, numbers 3390, 3391 and 3474, from Draper are, respectively, as follows: Total length, 122 (125-120), 123, 125, 110 length of tail, 47 (52-42), 49, 49, 41; length of hind foot, 12 (14-9), 7, 9, 11 length of ear, 16 (17-14), 16, 13, 15; length of tragus, 8 (10-6), 10, 5, 7 length of forearm (dry), 47 (48-47), 49, 52, 45. Ears short, rounded and furred on the medial side at the base. Color: Upper parts Dresden Brown, bases of hairs plumbeous; underparts paler, bases of hairs dark, except in region of throat and base of tail. Skull: Large, robust; rostrum nearly as broad as long; skull flattened, nearly straight in superior outline; tooth formula, 1-3) c. 1, p. 2, ni- j. 54 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Engels ( 1936:657) placed all the bats of this genus from the Great Basin in the subspecies Eptesicus fuscus pallidus. He further com- mented ( loc. cit. ) that of all of the subspecies of Eptesicus fuscus, E. f. pallidus showed the widest variation in color, and Hardy (1941:292) further commented upon this variation, but allocated 42 39 3S 37 42 SPECIMEN EXAMINED A OTHER RECORD -37 Fig. 11. Distribution of Eptesicus fuscus pallidus. all specimens from Utah to E. f. pallidus. The specimens in the collections of the University of Utah vary in color. In a series of 7 specimens from Draper, Salt Lake County, two are considerably Bats 55 darker than the others. Another specimen from two miles west of Murray, Salt Lake County, is likewise dark. None of the series from the various localities shows complete uniformity in color. 42- 40 39 38 SPECIMEN EXAMINED _j I A OTHER RECORD J I 113 Fig. 12. Distribution of Lasiurus borealis teliotis. Specimens examined. — Total, 32, distributed as follows: Cache County: Hyrum, 1. Salt Lake County: Salt Lake City, 4,300 ft., 2; 2 mi. W Murray, 4,300 ft., 1; Draper, 4,500 ft., 7. Millard County: Fillmore, 5,700 ft., 2 (K. U. ). Emery County: 7 mi. N Greenriver, 1. Garfield County: 5 mi. W Escalante, 5,500 ft., 3. Washington County: Santa Clara Creek, 3 mi. SW St. George, 2,800 ft., 6; Beaverdam Wash, 8 mi. N Utah-Arizona Border, 2,800 ft., 5. Kane County: Hamblin Ranch, Cave Lake Canyon, 5 mi. NW Kanab, 5,500 ft., 1. San Juan County: H mi. NW Bluff, 4,500 ft., 2; Navajo Mountain Trad- ing Post, 1 (M. V. Z.). 56 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Lasiurus borealis teliotis (H. Allen) Red Bat Atalapha teliotis H. Allen, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 29:5, April 10, 1891, type from unknown locality, probably somewhere in California. Lasiurus borealis teliotis. Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:110, October 16, 1897; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:292, August 14, 1941. Nycteris borealis teliotis, Presnall and Hall, Proc. Utah Acad. Arts Sci. and Letters, 13:211, 1936; Presnall, Zion-Bryce Mus. Bull., 2:6, January, 1938. Range. — Recorded only from Carbon and Washington counties, limits of range unknown. Description and comments. — Measurements of a male from Tehema, Cali- fornia, and a female from Bakersfield, California, are, respectively, as follows: Total length, 107, 100; length of tail, 57, 45; length of hind foot, 8.0, 8.6; length of ear (from meatus), 9.4, 10.0; length of tragus, 6.6; length of forearm, 39, 40 (Miller, 1897:115). Interfemoral membrane completely furred dorsally; hair on underside of membrane extends to base of digits. Color: Upper parts bufiFy red, deepest on interfemoral membrane; hairs of back tipped with gray, base of hair plumbeous; underparts buflFy. Skull: Short and deep; tooth formula, i.i, c.^, p.f, m.f . This bat is easily distinguished from all others in Utah by its red color and furred interfemoral membrane. Records of occurrence (Hardy, 1941:292). — Carbon County: Kenilworth Mine. Washington County: La Verkin Cave; St. George. Lasiurus cinereus cinereus (Beauvois) Hoary Bat Vespertilio linereus (misprint for cinereus) Palisot de Beauvois, Catal. Peale's Museum, Philadelphia, p. 15, 1796, type from Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. Lasiurus cinereus, H. Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Bats, p. 21, 1864; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (no. 15): 165, April, 1922; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22: 292, August 14, 1941. Atalapha ( Lasiurus ) cinereus, Coues and Yarrow, Report upon the collec- tions of mammals made in portions of Nevada, Utah, CaUfomia, Colo- rado, New Mexico, and Arizona during the years 1871-74, Wheeler's Report of Explorations west of the 100th Meridian, 5:90, 1875. Atalapha cinerea, H. Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43:155, 1893. Nycteris cinerea, Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12):23, June, 1927; Hayward, Great Basin Nat., 6:109, November 15, 1945. Range. — State-wide in distribution. Description and comments. — Measurements of a female, number 4385, from Salt Lake City, are: Total length, 130; length of tail, 50; length of hind foot, 13; length of ear, 19; length of tragus, 9; length of forearm, 52.5. Ears small, rounded, and rimmed with black; interfemoral membrane fully haired dorsally. Color: Upper parts a mixture of yellow and brown, the tips being white which gives a frosted or hoary appearance; muzzle black; membranes dark brown and haired to bases of digits, some hairs parallel the digits; underparts similar to upper parts, but with less white-tipped hairs. Skull: Large, robust; tooth formula, i.i, c.y, p.f, m.|. This bat diflFers from all other kinds in Utah in its hoary appear- ance, black-rimmed ears and large, robust skull. There are less Bats 57 than a dozen specimens known from Utah, but these are from locahties so widely separated as to indicate that the hoary bat is state-wide in distribution. Usually it is taken singly, hanging in a tree or low bush. Nevertheless, I have taken specimens by shoot- ing over desert water holes. Allen (1893:162) lists a specimen from La Boule River, Utah, a locality unknown to me. 42 25 75 ^S MILES m:m j»'j^l->.v'J /.A^^ V^^v* .•.••*«! •.•■.•■ 39 38 37 '\•:';J•'^^•^^'^!:^•■*:!7y■•■*•■'^*•V^.V^.^'•'■•''^^ -^'m^ Mft*v:"AiA>lvrf^;M^;V-/"rt^ir.J|^-^-t^'^^ 39 \f yi i V\' - '&} ii^-ii^;f'-Xli-iii»ii:^iti^^ **~ f SPECIMEN EXAMINED ▲ 077/£V? RECORD 37 112 Fig. 13. Distribution of Lasiurus cinereus cinereus. Specimens examined. — Total, 4, distributed as follows: Davis County: Bountiful, 1. Salt Lake County: Salt Lake City, 4,300 ft., 1; The Firs, Mill- creek Canyon, 7,500 ft., 1. Washington County: Hurricane, 1. Additional records (Hardy, 1941:292). — Utah County: Thistle Valley. Carbon County: Soldier Canyon. Grand County: 4 mi. N Elgin. Washington County: St. George. 58 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Corynorhinus rafinesquii pallescens Miller Long-eared Bat Corynorhinus macrotis pallescens Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:52, October 16, 1897, type from Keam Canyon, Navajo County, Arizona. Corynorhinus rafinesquii pallescens, Grinnell, H. W., Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17:340, January 31, 1918; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (no. 12) :25, June, 1927; Woodbury, Ecol. Monogr., 3:174, April, 1933; Long, Joum. Mamm., 21:172, May 16, 1940; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:293, Aug. 14, 1941; Hayward, Great Basin Nat., 6:109, November 15, 1945. Corynorhinus townsendii, H. Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43:58, 1893. Range. — Southern two-thirds of the state. 42 •10 39 3» 37 42 -40 39 .3« SPECIMEN EXAMINED I I OTHER RECORD -37 110 Fig. 14. Distribution of Corynorhinus rafinesquii pallescens. Bats 59 Description and comments. — Average and extreme measurements of 7 fe- males from Bluff and the measurements of a male, number 271, from Wales, are, respectively, as follows: Total length, 96 (100-93), 100; length of tail, 45 (47-41), 49; length of hind foot, 10 (12-7), 9; length of ear, 34 (36-33), 32; length of tragus, 15 (16-14), — ; length of forearm, 43.1 (45-41), 43.5. Ears long, joined by basal membrane; hump present between ear and nose. Color: Upper parts yellowish gray; palest on head, tips of hairs lighter and bases plumbeous; underparts light brown, paler than upper parts, bases of hairs light plumbeous. Skull: Slender; braincase well inflated dorsally; rostrum narrow; tooth formula, i.j, c. }, p.f, m.j. Both Corynorhinus and Euderma have extremely long ears. Specimens of Corynorhinus are easily distinguished from those of Euderma by smaller ears, lighter color throughout, and lack of the three white spots on upper parts. This bat, as indicated by Hardy (1941:293), is the kind most commonly found in mines and caves. On February 19, 1933, I took eight as they were hanging from the roof of a coal mine in Pete Canyon west of Wales, Sanpete County, Utah, where they were suspended in small clusters or singly from the cracks in the roof of the tunnels. They were hibernating but moved when handled. Specimens examined. — Total, 20, distributed as follows: Uintah County: E side confluence Green and White rivers, 1 mi. SE Ouray, 4,700 ft., 1. San- pete County: Coal Mine, Pete Canyon, W Wales, 5,800 ft., 8. Washington County: Apex mine, 3. San Juan County: Bluff, 3,300 ft., 8. Additional records (Hardy, 1941:293). — Utah County: E of Springville. Carbon County: Range Creek; Sunnyside. Washington County: Mineral Mountain; Bloomington Cavern. Euderma maculatum (J. A. Allen) Spotted Bat Histiotus maculatus J. A. Allen, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:195, February 20, 1891, type from near Piru, Ventura County, California. Euderma maculatum. Hall, Joum. Mamm., 16:148, May 15, 1935; Durrant, Joum. Mamm., 16:226, August 12, 1935; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:293, August 14, 1941. Range. — Known only from Salt Lake County; reported as observed in Washington County. See figure 17. Description and comments. — A female, number 1135, from Salt Lake County, measures: Total length, 115; length of tail, 47; length of hind foot, 12; length of ear, 47; length of tragus, 17; length of forearm, 51. Ears large (largest of all Utah bats) and nearly three fourths as long as forearm, joined by mem- brane. Color: Upper parts black, lighter on head; two "saddle marks" and spot at base of tail, white; underparts white; bases of hairs plumbeous. Skull: Large, robust; lacrimal region ridged; dorsal profile nearly straight; braincase broad; tooth formula, i.f, c.f, p.f, m.f. This rare bat is easily distinguished from all others by its immense ears and three white spots on an otherwise black dorsum. 60 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. The only specimen known from Utah was taken in Salt Lake County, but Hardy (1941:293) had reports of individuals seen in Crocodile Cave, 4 miles north of Kanab in Kane County and at Hatch in Garfield County. The occurrence in Salt Lake County provides the most northeastern record for the species. Specimen examined. — One from 48th South and Redwood Road (southwest of Salt Lake City), Salt Lake County. Antrozous pallidas pallidus (LeConte) Pallid Bat Vfespertilio]. pallidus LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, VII (1854-1855), p. 437, 1856, type from El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Antrozous pallidus, H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 7, article 1:68, June, 1864; J. A. Allen, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:83, April 28, 1893. Antrozous pallidus pacificiis, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:45, October 16, 1897; Presnall, Zion-Bryce Mus. Bull., 2:6, January, 1938. Antrozous pallidus pallidus. Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:293, August 14, 1941; Fautin, Ecol. Monogr., 16:304, October, 1946. Antrozous pallidus cantwelli. Hardy, Journ. Mamm., 22:293, August 14, 1941. Range. — Southern and eastern Utah. Description and comments. — Measurements of 2 females, numbers 4138 and 4139, and one male, number 4108, from Beaverdam Wash, 8 miles north of Utah- Arizona Border are as follows: Total length, 109, 106, 119; length of tail, 41, 40, 45; length of hind foot, 12, 12, 12; length of ear, 35, 33, — ; length of tragus, 17, 16, 15; length of forearm, 52.7, 52.5, 52.3. Ears long and broad. Color: Upper parts yellowish gray, hairs with dusky tips; underparts grayish white, washed with buff. Skull: Small, sagittal crest well developed; dentition weak; tooth formula, i.i, c.J, p.|, m.f. Specimens of A. p. pallidus may be distinguished from those of Antrozous pallidus cantwelli by lighter color, and smaller skull. Hardy (1941:294) placed all bats of this species from western Utah in the subspecies Antrozous pallidus cantwelli and referred one specimen from eastern Utah to the subspecies A. p. pallidus. The animals from the western part of the state were regarded as intergrades between A. p. pallidus and Antrozous pallidus pacificus. Although he considered them to be intergrades between the two aforementioned subspecies, he referred them to the subspecies A. p. cantwelli on the basis of size and color. As Hardy said they average slightly larger to the northward in Utah and he regarded this tendency to larger size and more buffy color as more closely allying specimens from western Utah with the subspecies A. p. cantwelli than with the subspecies A. p. pallidus. My understand- ing of A. p. cantwelli is that it is not only large, but that it is also a darker animal than any of these from Utah. Furthermore, I Bats 61 know of no specimens from the area intervening between the oc- currence in Utah and those of A. p. cantwelli in Oregon and north- western Nevada. This argues against specimens from western Utah actually being intergrades. Pending a careful study of all the popu- lations of the species, it seems best to me to apply the name 42 39 3S 37 - J SPECIMEN EXAM/NED OTHER RECORD no Fig. 15. Distribution of Antrozous pallidus pallidus. Antrozous pallidus pallidus to all specimens from Utah, although it is recognized that the northernmost specimens average larger than those from farther south. These bats are frequently found in company with the big brown 62 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. bat Eptesicus fuscus. Of nine bats obtained in Beaverdam Wash while they were flying around the crowns of cottonwood trees, 5 were Eptesicus and 4 were Antrozous. 42 SPECIMEN EXAMINED ▲ OTHER RECORD 109 Fig. 16. Distribution of Tadarida mexicana. Specimens examined. — Total, 14, distributed as follows: Uintah County: Willow Creek, 5,250 ft., 25 mi. S Ouray, 3. Millard County: volcanic caves, 10 mi. W Meadow, 1. Grand County: 1 mi. E Highway 160, 6 mi. S Valley City, 4,500 ft., 1. Wayne County: Notom, 6,200 ft., 4. Washington County: Beaverdam Wash, 8 mi. N Utah-Arizona Boundary, 2,800 ft., 4. San Juan County: Hatch Trading Post, Montezuma Creek, 25 mi. SE Blanding, 4,500 ft., 1. Additional records. — Carbon County: Price (Hardy, 1941:293). Washing- ton Ccmnty: Zion National Park; St. George (Hardy, lac. cit.). San Juan County: BlufiE (Allen, 1893:83). Bats 63 Tadarida mexicana (Saussure) Mexican Free-tailed Bat Molossus mexicanus Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (ser. 2)12:283, July, 1860, type from Cofre de Perote, 13,000 feet. Vera Cruz, Mexico. Tadarida mexicana. Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 128:86, April 29, 1924; Shamel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 78:4, May 6, 1931; Woodbury, Ecol. Monogr., 3:174, April, 1933; Presnall, Zion-Bryce Mus. Bull., 2:7, January, 1938; Long, Joum. Mamm., 21:173, May 16, 1940; Hardy, Journ. Mamm., 22:294, August 14, 1941; Warren, The mammals of Colorado, Univ. Oklahoma Press, p. 32, 1942; Fautin, Ecol. Monogr., 16:304, October, 1946. Range. — Practically state-wide in distribution. Description and comments. — A male, number 1458, from Salt Lake City, measures: Total length, 90; length of tail, 32; length of hind foot, 9; length of ear, 18; length of tragus, 6; length of forearm, 43. Tail extending more than 15 mm. beyond end of interfemoral membrane. Color: Upper parts Mummy Brown; underparts slightly lighter; ears and muzzle nearly black. Skull: Rostrum relatively narrow; braincase well inflated; tooth formula, i.i or J, c.\, p.f, m.f. There is only one other species of free-tailed bat known from Utah, Tadarida molossa; from it, Tadarida mexicana can be readily distinguished by its smaller size. This bat seems to be far more abundant in the southern part of the state than elsewhere. The northern records are few but are widely distributed. This species is often found in caves and houses together with Eptesicus fuscus palUdus. Long (1940:173) found them together in buildings in Beaver County, Utah. Specimens examined. — Total, 15, distributed as follows: Salt Lake County: Salt Lake City, 4,250 ft., 2. Millard County: Filhnore, 5,700 ft., 12 (K. U.). Washington County: St. George, 1. Additional records (Hardy, 1941:294). — Uintah County: Jensen. Tooele County: Cave at Salt Springs, near Utah-Nevada Boundary. Utah County: Rock Canyon, E Provo. Carbon County: Price. Juab County: near Nephi. Beaver County: Beaver, colony. Washington County: Zion National Park. Tadarida molossa (Pallas) Big Free-tailed Bat V[espertilioJ. Molossus Pallas, Miscellania Zoologica, p. 49, 1776, type from America, not improbably from Surinam. Tadarida macrotis. Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 128:86, April 29, 1924; Woodbury, Joum. Mamm., 18:515, November 14, 1937; Presnall, Zion- Bryce Mus. Bull., 2:7, January, 1938; Durrant and Behle, Joum. Mamm., 19:500, November 14, 1938; Hardy, Joum. Mamm., 22:294, August 14, 1941; Durrant and Setzer, Joum. Mamm., 24:501, November 17, 1943. Range. — Known only from southwestem and extreme western Utah. Description and comments. — A female, number 3876, from Desert Range Experiment Station measures: Total length, 141; length of tail, 50; length of hind foot (dry), 11; length of ear, 27; length of tragus, 6; length of forearm, 60.5. Ears long; tail free for considerable distance beyond interfemoral mem- 64 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist, brane. Color: Upper parts and underparts Mummy Brown, slightly lighter on underparts; membranes, ears and muzzle nearly black. Skull: Large; ros- trum long and narrow. .aC 40 39 37 Ij, ?Z-. 112 Fig. 17. Distribution of five bats. Guide to subspecies 3. Mtjotis subulatus subulatus. 1. Myotis velifer incautus. 4. Euderma maculatum. 2. Myotis yumanensis yumanensis. 5. Tadarida molossa. Specimens examined. — Total, 3, distributed as follows: Millard County: Pine Valley, Desert Range Experiment Station of the U. S. Forest Service, Sec. 33, T. 25 S., R. 17 W. Salt Lake Meridian, 1. Washin^on County: Zion National Park, 2, 1 (M. V. Z.). Additional record (Hardy, 1941:294). — Washington County: St. George. Bats 65 Table 2 Cranial Measurements of Chiroptera Name and Locautt -- to §s J3 ja |5 tc TS > 03 ■o — • o 0] "0 t. .So g ^ "S"^ 03 OS o 13 ^fe s >. a o a > 3 Sac 13 a o O o a ■3 -a 03 P3 a J3 -O 03 03 X 03 "S o S <: Myotis I. carissima Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyo, Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyo. Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyo. (MiUer and AUen, 1928:60) Myotis I. phasma Bums ton Myotis y. yumanensis Pyramid Lake, Nevada Myotis V. incauttis Carisbad, New Mexico. . . . Carisbad, New Mexico. . . . Carisbad, New Mexico. . . . (Miller and Allen, 1928:96-97) Carlsbad, New Mexico. Carlsbad, New Mexico. Carlsbad, New Mexico. (Miller and Allen, 1928:96-97) Myotis e. evotis Zion National Park Myotis V. interior type (Miller and Allen, 1928:147) Myotis c. pallidus Kanab Myotis «. subulattis Avalo, Colorado (Miller and Allen, 1928:174) Myotis s. mdanorhinus Colorado River Parrish Ranch Lasionycteris noctivagans 5 mi. E Moab Bridge Pipistrdlus h. hesperus 5 mi. E Moab Bridge 5 mi. E Moab Bridge 5 mi. E Moab Bridge Eptesicus /. pallidus Draper Draper Draper Draper Lasiuriis b. teliotus 4 mi. N Dixon, Calif (HaU, 1946:170) Lasiurus c. cinereus Salt Lake City 16 av. . max. . . min 9 9 9 14.5 14.8 13.6 9.2 9.6 8.7 3.95 4.1 3.8 1418.. . d' 11.5 9.0 3.5 5553KU 9 12.7 4.0 5 av . . . max. . . min. . . . cf cf 15.6 16.0 15.0 10.5 11.0 10.2 4.0 4.2 3.8 8 av . . . max. . . min 9 9 9 15.5 15.8 15.2 10.4 11.0 10.0 4.0 4.2 3.8 656. . . . 7 14.8 9.5 4.1 133426 USNM cf 14.0 8.8 5.0 161291 USNM cf 11.7 7.8 3.0 159715 USNM cf 13.2 9.0 3.2 922.... 4424... cf cf 12.9 12.9 8.0 8.1 3.1 3.3 920. . . . 9 14.3 9.7 4.1 6 av. . . max . . . min 9 9 9 10.5 11.0 10.2 7.3 7.5 7.0 3.2 3.5 3.0 4 av . . . max . . . min cf cf cf 17.5 18.2 17.1 12.6 12.7 12.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 3391.. . 9 16.8 12.2 4.1 71601.. cf 11.7 8.7 4.3 4385.. . 9 14.7 12.3 5.4 7.3 7.5 7.1 7.2 7.5 6.0 6.2 5.8 6.0 5.3 7.9 8.0 7.8 6.9 7.0 6.8 7.9 8.0 7.6 6.9 7.2 6.8 8.2 5.6 7.4 5.5 6.1 4.8 6.8 5.6 6.6 6.2 5.4 5.2 7.9 6.7 6.0 6.2 5.6 5.1 5.4 4.8 8.7 8.8 8.5 8.1 8.5 7.9 8.4 8.1 7.3 5.5 9.2 8.9 5.45 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.2 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.6 6.8 6.2 6.2 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.1 6.1 3.9 4.2 3.7 7.2 7.5 7.0 6.7 4.5 6.5 3—4980 66 University of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist. Table 2. — Concluded Name and Locality "I Is O V ^ s ^ ^^ 3 33 C ">. s o O CO § fe o ♦a 03 J3 ■*^ 1 -*d •o J= •o5 cS c 03 s "3 "2 x> J2 1^ 1 o b _2 — C3 O 03 M c3 03 ?;§ >> c Nl H-4 P3 ^ < o CJ3 o « Euderma maculatum Salt Lake County Corj/norA»nu« r. p